Widjaja 2002.

Methods	Uncontrolled before‐and‐after study. Prospective data collection.
Participants	257 patients with all types of stroke ‐ CP group 125, 'before' group 132.
Interventions	TREATMENT GROUP: Stroke pathway care from April to June 2001: undefined stroke pathway care; variances collected prospectively and daily from multiple sources; other outcome data collected on discharge; Head of Neurology Division discussed variance findings with MDT and followed up with corrective actions during weekly ward rounds. CONTROL GROUP: undefined patient care from April to June 2000; CP introduced as a method for cost‐containment.
Outcomes	Mean LOS (days): CP=9.7 vs Before=16.4 (p<0.001). In‐hospital mortality: CP=7/125 vs Before=16/132 (p=0.07). UTI: CP=16/125 vs Before=22/132 (p=0.38). Pneumonia: CP=10/125 vs Before=13/132 (p=0.6). Weak evidence of reduced delay to CT scan and discharge to "step‐down" facilities.
Notes	Acute stroke and rehabilitation. Data collection incomplete in the control group. Groups similar in characteristics. Unclear difference between CP and standard care.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	D ‐ Not used