Table 2.

Associations of circulating adhesion molecules with HAA, ILA and FVC.

	sICAM-1	P value	sVCAM-1	P value	P-selectin	P value	E-selectin	P value	L-selectin	P value
HAA
N participants	2,226		2,187		5,498		864		2187
% change (95% CI)*
Unadjusted	2.87 (1.38 to 4.36)	<0.001	1.82 (0.34 to 3.31)	0.02	1.79 (0.87 to 2.72)	<0.001	4.87 (2.51 to 7.23)	0.01	−0.96 (−2.45 to 0.53)	0.21
Adjusted	2.94 (1.80 to 4.07)	<0.001	1.24 (0.14 to 2.35)	0.03	1.58 (0.92 to 2.23)	<0.001	0.64 (−1.21 to 2.42)	0.51	0.40 (−0.70 to 1.49)	0.48
ILA
N participants	1,028		1,008		2,239		507		1,008
OR (95% CI)†
Unadjusted	1.41 (1.18 to 1.67)	<0.001	1.33 (1.13 to 1.56)	0.001	1.10 (0.97 to 1.24)	0.14	0.88 (0.67 to 1.17)	0.37	0.91 (0.75 to 0.09)	0.30
Adjusted	1.39 (1.13 to 1.71)	0.002	1.20 (0.99 to 1.45)	0.07	1.08 (0.94 to 1.24)	0.27	0.96 (0.79 to 1.30)	0.78	0.93 (0.75 to 1.15)	0.49
FVC
N participants	1,549		1,680		3,449		808		1,688
Change, mL (95% CI)†
Unadjusted	−47.8 (−94.5 to −0.6)	0.05	−77.8(−120.0 to −35.6)	0.001	60.7 (30.0 to 91.5)	<0.001	−36.81 (−102.6 to 28.9)	0.27	−9.47 (−51.8 to 32.9)	0.66
Adjusted	−44.1 (−75.9 to −12.4)	0.006	−29.1 (−57.7 to −0.4)	0.047§	−28.5 (−49.1 to −8.0)	0.007	−43.9 (−87.6 to −0.1)	0.049§	10.6 (−17.7 to 38.9)	0.46

sICAM-1: soluble intracellular adhesion molecule; sVCAM: soluble vascular adhesion molecule; HAA: high attenuation areas; ILA: interstitial lung abnormalities; FVC: forced vital capacity; OR: odds ratio

Effect estimates are per standard deviation of each adhesion molecule.

^*adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, race/ethnicity, eGFR, current smoking status and pack-year smoking history, educational attainment, study site/scanner, mA dose, percent emphysema, and total imaged lung volume.

^†adjusted for age, gender, race, smoking status, eGFR, BMI and site

^§p value no longer significant after Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons