Table 3.
Associations circulating adhesion molecules with ILD events.
| sICAM-1 | P value | sVCAM-1 | P value | P-selectin | P value | E-selectin | P value | L-selectin | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory hospitalization with concomitant ILD | ||||||||||
| Number of events | 20 | 18 | 77 | 9 | 18 | |||||
| Person-years (PY) | 30,295 | 28,014 | 70,176 | 11,457 | 28,014 | |||||
| Rate per 10,000 PY (95% CI) | 6.6 (4.3 to 10.2) | 6.4 (4.0 to 10.2) | 11.0 (8.8 to 13.7) | 7.9 (4.1 to 15.1) | 6.4 (4.0 to 10.2) | |||||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.75 (1.46 to 2.10) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.27 to 1.90) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.23 to 2.43) | 0.002 | 1.39 (1.02 to 1.89) | 0.04 | 1.09 (0.67 to 1.71) | 0.78 |
| Adjusted: Model 1* | 1.36 (1.13 to 1.63) | 0.001 | 1.62 (1.21 to 2.16) | 0.001 | 1.84 (1.24 to 2.72) | 0.002 | 1.29 (0.71 to 2.35) | 0.40 | 1.09 (0.65 to 1.84) | 0.75 |
| Adjusted: Model 2† | 1.34 (1.09 to 1.66) | 0.006 | 1.68 (1.25 to 2.27) | <0.001 | 2.07 (1.25 to 3.43) | 0.005 | 1.42 (0.75 to 2.70) | 0.29 | 1.09 (0.66 to 1.80) | 0.75 |
| ILD hospitalization | ||||||||||
| Number of events | 12 | 11 | 44 | 8 | 11 | |||||
| Person-years (PY) | 30,295 | 28,014 | 70,176 | 11,457 | 28,014 | |||||
| Rate per 10,000 PY (95% CI) | 4.0 (2.3 to 7.0) | 3.9 (2.2 to 7.1) | 6.3 (4.7 to 8.4) | 7.0 (3.5 to 14.0) | 3.9 (2.2 to 7.1) | |||||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.70 (1.32 to 2.21) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.21 to 2.05) | <0.001 | 1.95 (1.32 to 2.88) | <0.001 | 1.34 (0.94 to 1.91) | 0.11 | 1.10 (0.52 to 2.33) | 0.80 |
| Adjusted: Model 1* | 1.30 (1.00 to 1.70) | 0.047§ | 1.53 (1.24 to 1.89) | <0.001 | 1.87 (1.19 to 2.92) | 0.007 | 1.25 (0.65 to 2.41) | 0.51 | 1.03 (0.58 to 1.84) | 0.91 |
| Adjusted: Model 2† | 1.36 (1.03 to 1.80) | 0.03 | 1.40 (1.07 to 1.85) | 0.02 | 2.03 (1.16 to 3.55) | 0.01 | 1.30 (0.72 to 2.36) | 0.38 | 1.05 (0.56 to 1.97) | 0.87 |
| Respiratory mortality | ||||||||||
| Number of events | 28 | 25 | 63 | 7 | 25 | |||||
| Person-years (PY) | 30,295 | 28,014 | 70,176 | 11,457 | 28,014 | |||||
| Rate per 10,000 PY (95% CI) | 9.2 (6.4 to 13.4) | 8.9 (6.0 to 13.2) | 9.0 (7.0 to 11.5) | 6.1 (2.9 to 12.8) | 8.9 (6.0 to 13.2) | |||||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.43 (1.08 to 1.91) | 0.01§ | 1.71 (1.42 to 2.06) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.14 to 1.92) | 0.003 | 1.78 (1.13 to 2.81) | 0.01§ | 0.85 (0.56 to 1.29) | 0.43 |
| Adjusted: Model 1* | 1.25 (0.94 to 1.65) | 0.13 | 1.80 (1.38 to 2.36) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.12 to 1.98) | 0.006 | 1.95 (0.97 to 3.94) | 0.06 | 0.85 (0.59 to 1.23) | 0.39 |
| Adjusted: Model 2† | 1.29 (0.96 to 1.72) | 0.09 | 2.06 (1.56 to 2.72) | <0.001 | 1.54 (1.15 to 2.08) | 0.004 | 1.95 (1.04 to 3.65) | 0.04§ | 0.84 (0.58 to 1.21) | 0.35 |
| ILD mortality | ||||||||||
| Number of events | 9 | 7 | 16 | 3 | 7 | |||||
| Person-years (PY) | 30,295 | 28,014 | 70,176 | 11,457 | 28,014 | |||||
| Rate per 10,000 PY (95% CI) | 3.0 (1.5 to 5.7) | 2.5 (1.2 to 5.2) | 2.3 (1.4 to 3.7) | 2.6 (0.8 to 8.1) | 2.5 (1.2 to 5.2) | |||||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Unadjusted | 1.83 (1.31 to 2.55) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.21 to 2.43) | 0.003 | 2.04 (1.25 to 3.33) | 0.004 | 1.35 (0.56 to 3.26) | 0.51 | 1.47 (0.76 to 2.87) | 0.25 |
| Adjusted: Model 1* | 1.41 (0.93 to 2.14) | 0.11 | 2.02 (1.19 to 3.41) | 0.009 | 3.30 (1.40 to 7.80) | 0.006 | 1.28 (0.45 to 3.65) | 0.64 | 1.29 (0.67 to 2.50) | 0.45 |
| Adjusted: Model 2† | 1.39 (0.94 to 2.07) | 0.10 | 2.15 (1.26 to 3.64) | 0.005 | 3.61 (1.54 to 8.46) | 0.003 | 1.36 (0.52 to 3.58) | 0.53 | 1.29 (0.66 to 2.53) | 0.45 |
ILD: interstitial lung disease; HR: hazard ratio
Effect estimates are per standard deviation of each adhesion molecule.
Adjusted for generalized propensity score 1, which includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, cigarette pack-years, BMI, waist circumference, height, educational attainment, study site, and glomerular filtration rate.
Adjusted for generalized propensity score 2, which includes age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking status, cigarette pack-years, BMI, waist circumference, height, educational attainment, study site, glomerular filtration rate, percent emphysema on CT, alcohol use, total intentional exercise (metabolic equivalent minutes/week), coronary artery calcium, diabetes medication use, insulin use, fasting glucose, hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, cholesterol medication use, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, C-reactive protein, d-dimer, and cancer history.
p value no longer significant after correcting for multiple comparisons