Schiele 1961.

Methods	Allocation: randomly assigned (held by the pharmacist). Blindness: double (identical capsules, coded bottles). Design: 4 parallel groups, single centre. Duration: 16 weeks (in strict double‐blind conditions) + 22 weeks, no washout period. Analysis: intention to treat. Country: USA.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia, no further details. N=80. Age: mean 40.6 years. Sex: males. Setting: hospital. History: chronic (average hospitalisation 10 years). Excluded: people > 55 years and organic factors. Included: inadvertently 3 with lobotomies (2 in the thioridazine group and other in the chlorpromazine).
Interventions	1. Trifluoperazine: 10‐50 mg/day, maximum 35 mg, 12 received less than the maximum. N=20. 2. Thioridazine: 200‐1000 mg/day, maximum 958 mg, 3 received less than the maximum. N=20. 3. Chlorpromazine: 200‐1000 mg/day, maximum 894 mg/day, 3 received less than the maximum. N=20. 4. Placebo: 2‐10 capsules. Occasional additional medication, phenobarbital and benzotropine methansulfonate.
Outcomes	Global state: (Clinical Evaluation). Side effects. Leaving the study early. Use of antiparkinson agents. Unable to use ‐ Behaviour: (Behaviour rating scale ‐ no SD). Mental state: (MMPI ‐ only 43 patients took the tests).
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Low risk	A ‐ Adequate