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. 2019 Jun 27;44(1):44–57. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1672

Table 1.

Characteristics of the Randomized Controlled Trials Included (n = 49), Showing Extracted Outcomes

Randomized Control Trial Patient Type (Number Randomized)a ω‐3‐Enriched Lipid Emulsion Standard Lipid Emulsion Primary and Secondary Clinical Outcomesb Laboratory Outcomes
ICU patients
Antebi et al, 200417 Major surgery (n = 20) SO/MCT/OO/FO SO Alpha‐T, ALT, AST, CRP, GGT, TG
Barbosa et al, 201018 SIRS or sepsis (n = 23, received study treatments) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Mortality, H LOS, ICU LOS AA, ALT, AST, bilirubin, CRP, DHA, EPA, GGT, IL‐6, Lac, LTB4, OI, PTT, Plt, TNF
Berger et al, 200819 Abdominal aortic aneurism surgery (n = 24, completed trial) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Mortality, H LOS, ICU LOS AA, alpha‐T, CRP, DHA, EPA, TG
Chen et al, 201720 Severe sepsis with Grade III acute gastrointestinal injury (n = 78) SO/FO SO Mortality CRP
Chen et al, 201721 Patients with septicaemia and intestinal dysfunction (n = 48) Standard TPN/FO Standard TPN Mortality, ICU LOS CRP
Friesecke et al, 200822 Critically ill medical (n = 165) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Mortality, infections, H LOS, ICU LOS, bleeding events IL‐6, TBU
Grau‐Carmona et al, 201523 Medical and surgical ICU patients (n = 175) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Mortality, infections, H LOS, ICU LOS
Gultekin et al, 201424 ICU patients with sepsis (n = 32) SO/OO/FO SO/OO Mortality, H LOS CRP, IL‐6, LTB4, TG, TNF
Han et al, 201225 Major surgery (n = 38) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Infections IL‐6, TNF
Heller et al, 200226 Cancer, major abdominal surgery (n = 44) SO/FO SO Plt, PT, PTT
Heller et al, 200427 Cancer, major abdominal surgery (n = 44) SO/FO SO H LOS, ICU LOS ALT, AST, bilirubin, CRP
Morlion et al, 199628 Major abdominal surgery (n = 20) SO/FO SO AA, DHA, EPA, LTB4, LTB5
Piper et al, 200929 Major abdominal or craniomaxillofacial surgery (n = 44) SO/MCT/OO/FO SO/OO ALT, AST, Plt, TG
Roulet et al, 199730 Cancer, esophagectomy (n = 19, completed trial) SO/FO SO AA, DHA, EPA, BT
Sabater et al, 201131 ARDS (n = 16) SO/MCT/FO SO Mortality LTB4
Stephenson et al, 201332 Surgery for hepatic colorectal metastasis (n = 20) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT AA, DHA, EPA
Wachtler et al, 199733 Cancer, major intestinal surgery (n = 40) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Infections, H LOS, ICU LOS IL‐6, LTB4, LTB5, LTB ratio, TNF
Wang et al, 200834 Severe acute pancreatitis (n = 40) SO/FO SO Mortality, infections, H LOS, ICU LOS, sepsis CRP, EPA, IL‐6, OI
Wang et al, 200935 Severe acute pancreatitis (n = 56) SO/FO SO Mortality, infections
Weiss et al, 200236 Gastrointestinal surgery (n = 24) SO/FO SO Mortality, infections, H LOS, ICU LOS IL‐6, TNF
Wendel et al, 200737 Cancer, major abdominal surgery (n = 44) SO/FO SO TG
Wichmann et al, 200738 Major intestinal surgery (n = 256) SO/MCT/FO SO Mortality, infections, H LOS, ICU LOS, sepsis Alpha‐T, AST, bilirubin, Cr, CRP, EPA, GGT, LTB5, LTB ratio, Plt, PT, TG
Surgical patients
Aliyazicioglu et al, 201339 Colorectal cancer surgery (n = 36) Standard TPN/FO Standard TPN H LOS
Badia‐Tahull et al, 201040 Major intestinal surgery (n = 29) SO/FO SO/OO Mortality, infections, H LOS, sepsis ALT, Cr, CRP, GGT, PU, TBU
Chen et al, 201741 Gastric cancer surgery (n = 120) SO/MCT/OO/FO SO Infections, H LOS ALT, bilirubin, CRP, IL‐6
Demirer et al, 201642 Major abdominal surgery (n = 52) SO/OO/FO SO/OO or SO/MCT CRP, IL‐6, TNF
Grimm et al, 200643 Major abdominal surgery (n = 33) SO/MCT/OO/FO SO H LOS AA, alpha‐T, DHA, EPA, LTB4, LTB5, LTB ratio
Hallay et al, 201044 Gastrointestinal surgery (n = 41) SO/MCT/OO/FO SO/MCT ALT, AST, bilirubin, GGT
Jiang et al, 201045 Gastrointestinal cancer surgery (n = 206) SO/FO SO Infections, H LOS, sepsis Cr, IL‐6, TNF
Klek et al, 200546 Gastric cancer surgery (n = 105, enrolled) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Infections, H LOS ALT, AST, Cr, PU
Klek et al, 200847 Gastrectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 205) SO/MCT/FO (plus glutamine) SO/MCT Mortality, infections, H LOS, sepsis
Klek et al, 201148 Gastrectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 167) SO/MCT/FO (plus glutamine) SO/MCT Mortality, infections, sepsis
Koller et al, 200349 Major abdominal surgery (n = 30) SO/MCT/FO SO LTB4, LTB5, LTB ratio
Liang et al, 200850 Radical colorectal cancer resection (n = 41) SO/FO SO Mortality, infection, H LOS GGT, IL‐6, Plt, TNF
Linseisen et al, 200051 Major abdominal surgery (n = 33) SO/MCT/FO SO AA, alpha‐T, DHA, EPA
Ma et al, 201252 Gastrointestinal tumor surgery (n = 40) SO/MCT/OO/FO SO/MCT H LOS ALT, AST, bilirubin, Cr, CRP, IL‐6, PU, TG, TNF
Ma et al, 201553 Gastric and colorectal cancer surgery (n = 99) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Infections ALT, AST, bilirubin, CRP, GGT, IL‐6, TG, TNF
Makay et al, 201154 Major gastric cancer surgery (n = 26) SO/FO SO Mortality, infections, H LOS ALT, AST, Cr, Lac, PU
Mertes et al, 200655 Abdominal or thoracic surgery (n = 249) SO/MCT/OO/FO SO Mortality, H LOS ALT, AST, bilirubin, GGT, TG
Schauder et al, 200256 Large bowel surgery (n = 60) SO/FO SO TNF
Senkal et al, 200757 Colorectal surgery (n = 40, received study treatments) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Infections AA, DHA, EPA
Wang et al, 201258 Gastrointestinal surgery (n = 64) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Infections, sepsis ALT, AST, bilirubin, CRP, GGT, IL‐6, LTB ratio, Plt, PT, PTT, TG, TNF
Wei et al, 201459 Surgical resection of gastric tumors (n = 52) SO/FO SO Infections CRP, IL‐6, TNF
Wu et al, 201460 Gastrointestinal surgery (n = 40) SO/MCT/OO/FO SO/MCT Infections, H LOS ALT, AST, bilirubin, Cr, CRP, GGT, IL‐6, PU, TG, TNF
Zhang et al, 201761 Hepatectomy (n = 320) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Mortality, infections, H LOS, sepsis ALT, bilirubin, Cr, CRP, TG, Plt, PU, PTT
Zhixue et al, 201862 Liver cancer surgery (n = 75) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT IL‐6, TNF
Zhu et al, 201263 Liver transplant (n = 66) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Mortality, infection, H LOS ALT, AST, bilirubin, PT
Zhu et al, 201264 Colorectal cancer surgery (n = 57, completed trial) SO/FO SO Infection, H LOS, sepsis IL‐6, TNF
Zhu et al, 201365 Pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 76) SO/MCT/FO SO/MCT Mortality, infection, H LOS, hospital readmission ALT, AST, bilirubin

AA, (%) content of arachidonic acid in serum/cellular membranes; alpha‐T, alpha‐tocopherol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BT, bleeding time; Cr, serum creatinine; CRP, C‐reactive protein; DHA, (%) docosahexaenoic acid content in serum/cellular membranes; EPA, (%) eicosapentaenoic acid content in serum/cellular membranes; FO, fish oil emulsion; Lac, lactate; GGT, γ‐glutamyl transferase; (H) LOS, (hospital) length of stay; ICU, intensive care unit; LTB, leukotriene B; LTB5:LTB4, LTB ratio; MCT, medium‐chain triglycerides; OI, oxygenation index; OO, olive oil emulsion; PU, plasma urea; Plt, Platelet; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SO, soybean oil emulsion; TBU, transfused blood unit; TGs, triglycerides; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

a

Number of patients randomized was listed if available, but if not available an alternative descriptor was used for the patient population/number.

b

An outcome of sepsis included events defined by publication authors as septic or as systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

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