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. 2019 Dec 3;95(1):7–12. doi: 10.1002/ccd.28629

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© 2019 The Authors. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Radiation exposure using horizontal and vertical shields. HRAP = horizontal radiation absorbing pad; VRS = vertical radiation shield (Steradian). (a) CCL 1 (Toshiba) with significant decline in μSv/min with use of both HRAP (RadPad) and VRS (Steradian) compared to neither HRAP or VRS shields (baseline); and combination of both VRS and HRAP with further improvement in radiation protection (p < .005), with no change in mGy/hr from the X‐ray tube (p = .226). (b) CCL 2 (Phillips) with significant drop in μSv with use of VRS compared to HRAP (Microtek; p = .019) and further reduction with combination of both HRAP and VRS (p = .016), with no change in in mGy generated from the X‐ray tube (p = .353, p = .797). (c) Significant shielding in clinical cases from radiation shown as decline in μSv with the VRS and HRAP to HRAP alone (p = .001) with no significant change in mGy produced from the X‐ray tube (p = .297)