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. 2019 Sep 19;95(1):22–50. doi: 10.1111/brv.12552

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© 2019 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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BRV-12552-FIG-0004-c — Diagenetic pathways for biological pigments and structural colour‐producing mechanisms along with their potential biomarkers. 4‐AHP, 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxyphenylalanine; ESI‐MS, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry; FT‐ICR‐MS, Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry; HPLC‐MS, high performance liquid chromatography; iso‐PTCA, pyrrole‐2,3,4‐tricarboxylic acid; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; PDCA, pyrrole‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid; PPC, peak‐probability contrast; PTCA, pyrrole‐2,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid; PTeCA, pyrrole‐2,3,4,5‐tetracarboxylic acid; Py‐GC‐MS, pyrolysis‐gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy; synchotron‐LDPI, laser desorption‐ionisation; TDCA, thiazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid; TOF‐SIMS, time of flight secondary‐ion mass spectroscopy; TTCA, thiazole‐2,4,5‐tricarboxylic acid.