Table 1.
Hypotheses or research results re accommodation mechanisms.
| Year | Mechanism | First authora | Later references |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1611 | Axial eye elongation on inward pull of ciliary processes | Kepler (1611) | |
| 1611 | Retinal movement by contraction of ciliary ligament leading to narrowing of eye equator | ||
| 1619 | Lens dislocation or bulging by ciliary processes | Scheiner (1619) | |
| 1637 | Lens bulging | Descartes (1642) | Pemberton (1719); Home (1794); Young (1801); Purkinje (1825); Hueck (1839); Camper (1913) |
| 1685 | No change in lens form or position. No muscles in ciliary ligament | de la Hire (1685) | |
| 1703 | Lens dislocation or bulging by pressure from external eye muscles | Huygens (1703) | Camper (1913) |
| 1738 | Changes in cornea and uvea | Jurin (1738) | Pemberton (1719) |
| 1743 | Contraction of oblique muscles | Le Camus (1743) | |
| 1745 | Air inflation in eyeball | Poupart (1745) | |
| 1746 | Contraction of muscular fibres in ciliary fibres. | Camper (1746) | Smith (1833); Hueck (1839) |
| 1755 | Constriction of eye ball by rectus muscles | Boerhaave (Glauder 1751) | Arnold (Cramer 1853) |
| 1759 | Lens becomes convex by muscular fibres in lens. Ciliary ligament contraction pulls lens forward, compresses vitreous and makes cornea more convex | Porterfield (1759) | Young (1801) |
| 1780 | Change in refractive index of ocular fluids | Grimm (Cramer 1853) | |
| 1795 | Diminishing corneal radius. Better accommodation in aphakic eye | Home (1795) | |
| 1801 | Lens swelling; relatively more at posterior than anterior surface | Young (1801) | |
| 1801 | Orbicular muscle flattening the cornea or shortening the visual axis | Monro (Brewster 1824) | Hueck (1839) |
| 1802 | Movement of macula or central plica | Albers (Cramer 1853) | |
| 1809 | Ciliary body force on lens rim or aqueous forwarding lens capsule | Grafe (1809) | |
| 1813 | Contraction of tissue between scleral bony ring and tendinous corneal ring | Crampton (1813) | |
| 1821 | No existent accommodative mechanism but mental brain process | Weller (Cramer 1853) | |
| 1824 | Both voluntary and involuntary processes | Brewster (1824) | |
| 1826 | Pupillary dilatation and narrowing. Denial of accommodation existence | Mile (1826) | Magendie (Hueck 1839) (de la Hire 1685) (Treviranus 1835) |
| Refractive index of vitreous on lens side different from that on fundus side | |||
| 1826 | Contraction of ciliary muscle and of pupil | Knox (1826) | |
| 1832 | Fluid congestion in the iris | Treviranus (1835) | Arnold (Cramer 1853) |
| 1835 | Shortening of the visual axis | Serre (Cramer 1853) | |
| 1835 | No lens changes. Accommodation possible due to laminated lens structure | Treviranus (1835) | |
| 1839 | Forward movement and greater convexity of lens | Hueck (1839) | |
| 1841 | Elongation of visual axis | Bonnet (Cramer 1853) | Henle (Cramer 1853) |
| 1842 | Corneal bulging and pupillary narrowing | Pappenheim (Cramer 1853) | |
| 1849 | Recti muscles, by pulling eye against orbital fat padding, pushing vitreous and lens forwards, increase corneal convexity | Szokalsky (1848) | |
| 1849 | Lens compressing muscle. Lens movement and bulging anterior capsule | Langenbeck (1849) | |
| 1850 | Movement of lens nucleus within capsule | Hannover (Cramer 1853) | |
| 1853 | Bulging of anterior lens capsule and iris pressure by simultaneous sphincter and dilatator contraction. Ciliary muscle contraction hinders posterior lens movement. No accommodation in hyperopic eyes | Cramer (1853) | |
| 1855 | Ciliary contraction and thickening of lens centre plus anterior bulging | Helmholtz (1855) | |
| 1855 | Positive accommodation in myopic eyes, negative in hyperopic ones | Weber (1855) | |
| 1857 | Increasing thickness of longitudinal ciliary muscle, slackening zonules, circular muscle pressing on lens rim, and pressure of peripheral iris | Müller (1857) | |
| 1904 | Backwards and downwards lens movement; central vitreous liquefaction and dilatation of the canal of Cloquet | Tscherning (1904) |
a
First time a mechanism was encountered in a manuscript.