Table 1.

Descriptive statistics

Panel A: Descriptive statistics for variables for years 2004 and 2009
	Year 2004		Year 2009
	M	SD	M	SD
Number of admissions	10,940.590	10,452.560	11,878.680	11,289.700
CMI	1.001	0.264	1.012	0.407
Public hospitals	0.408	0.492	0.391	0.488
Not‐for‐profit hospitals	0.451	0.498	0.442	0.497
Private hospitals	0.141	0.348	0.167	0.373
HHI	0.189	0.131	0.198	0.139
Unemployment rate	9.935	4.144	7.726	3.007
Average age men	36.950	1.006	37.889	0.889
Average age women	40.093	1.433	40.628	1.298
Population density	0.678	0.722	0.681	0.735
Number of hospitals	801		801

Panel B: Mean of real base rate changes between 2004 and 2009
Base rate	All hospitals	Hospitals with increasing real base rates	Hospitals with decreasing real base rates
Δbase rate (2004–2009)	0.020	0.109	−0.092
N (hospitals)	801	445	356

Note. Descriptive statistics in Panel A refer to sample in baseline specification (Table 2, column 1). The variable for case‐mix index is available for 788 hospitals. Δbase rate (2004–2009) is defined as log(base rate 2009) − log(base rate 2004). Base rates in 2009 are deflated with the harmonized consumer price index to base rates in 2004.

Abbreviations: CMI, case‐mix index; HHI, Herfindahl index.