Fig 1. Latent curve models with structured residuals.
Panel “a” depicts the unconditional model, panel “b” depicts the time varying covariates model (TVC), and panel “c” depicts the time varying and time invariant covariates model (TVIC). G = substance variable for a grades 5 through 12; R = residual factor. Mean structure and variances/residual variances omitted from figure.