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Effect of macrophage‐producing cytokines on programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Relative expression of PD‐L1 in A549 or H1975 cells by treatment with transforming growth factor‐β1 or interleukin (IL)‐10, tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1α or IL‐1β for 12 or 24 h by real‐time quantitative PCR (n = 4). ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01
