Table 3.
Demographic characteristics of the studied population and mean plasma HbA1c and metal concentrations in each group
| Characteristics | T1DM subjects (n = 45) | T1DM age-matched controls (n = 47) | t test between T1DM and age-matched controls | T2DM subjects (n = 54) | T2DM age-matched controls (n = 18) | t-test between T2DM and age-matched controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years ± SD) | 26.3 ± 6.8 | 24.3 ± 6.2 | ns | 61.1 ± 7.6 | 57.1 ± 8.9 | ns |
| Males, n (%) | 26 (58) | 24 (51) | ns | 47 (87) | 9 (50) | *** |
| BMI | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2 ± SD) | 24.6 ± 3.6 | 23.0 ± 3.0 | * | 32.6 ± 5.3 | 25.0 ± 3.2 | *** |
| n (%) for BMI < 25 | 24 (53) | 38 (81) | – | 2 (4) | 10 (59) | – |
| n (%) for BMI 25 to < 30 | 18 (40) | 8 (17) | – | 17 (31) | 6 (35) | – |
| n (%) for BMI ≥ 30 | 3 (7) | 1 (2) | – | 35 (65) | 1 (6) | – |
| HbA1c conc. mean (mM ± SD) | 69.8 ± 18.0 | 33.5 ± 0.7 | ** | 72.4 ± 22.8 | 37.6 ± 4.2 | *** |
| Zinc conc. mean (µM ± SD) | 12.80 ± 1.50 | 13.50 ± 2.30 | ns | 12.70 ± 1.40 | 12.38 ± 1.69 | ns |
| Copper conc. mean (µM ± SD) | 17.56 ± 6.60 | 16.26 ± 5.50 | ns | 15.49 ± 2.78 | 17.30 ± 4.70 | ns |
| Magnesium conc. mean (mM ± SD) | 0.747 ± 0.057 | 0.806 ± 0.054 | *** | 0.738 ± 0.075 | 0.765 ± 0.115 | ns |
| Selenium conc. mean (µM ± SD) | 1.147 ± 0.145 | 1.129 ± 0.136 | ns | 1.142 ± 0.188 | 1.222 ± 0.261 | ns |
| Zinc/copper (ratio ± SD) | 0.813 ± 0.273 | 0.886 ± 0.246 | ns | 0.841 ± 0.152 | 0.751 ± 0.187 | * |
Significance is indicated as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001