Table 4.

Prevalences of diabetes in  quartiles of total plasma concentrations of zinc, copper, magnesium and selenium and zinc/copper ratio in T1DM and T2DM study groups (including age-matched controls)

	T1DM and age-matched controls				T2DM and age-matched controls
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
Zinc (µM)	n = 23	n = 23	n = 30	n = 16	n = 15	n = 16	n = 20	n = 20
	< 11.95	11.95–12.91	12.91–14.46	≥ 14.46	< 11.33	11.33–12.15	12.15–13.35	≥ 13.35
% diabetes	52	48	60	25	73	75	75	80
OR (95% CI)	1	0.840 (0.285–2.873)	1.375 (0.457–4.234)	0.306 (0.090–1.204)	1	1.091 (0.264–4.490)	1.091 (0.281–5.312)	1.455 (0.357–5.822)
Copper (µM)	n = 22	n = 17	n = 23	n = 26	n = 33	n = 13	n = 12	n = 12
	< 13.99	13.99–14.47	14.47–16.79	≥ 16.79	< 15.06	15.06–16.40	16.40–17.78	≥ 17.78
% diabetes	50	29	48	64	88	69	58	67
OR (95% CI)	1	0.417 (0.111–1.541)	0.9167 (0.310–2.790)	1.800 (0.559–5.139)	1	0.310 (0.080–1.275)	0.193 (0.051–0.966)*	0.276 (0.070–1.154)
Magnesium (mM)	n = 41	n = 17	n = 15	n = 19	n = 23	n = 25	n = 13	n = 9
	< 0.78	0.78–0.81	0.81–0.83	≥ 0.83	< 0.72	0.72–0.79	0.79–0.84	≥ 0.84
% diabetes	75	35	27	21	83	84	69	44
OR (95% CI)	1	0.176 (0.058–0.628)**	0.117 (0.036–0.432)**	0.086 (0.028–0.325)***	1	1.105 (0.288–4.220)	0.474 (0.118–1.969)	0.168 (0.031–1.064)
Selenium (µM)	n = 21	n = 20	n = 19	n = 32	n = 24	n = 21	n = 19	n = 6
	< 1.04	1.04–1.12	1.12–1.18	≥ 1.18	< 1.085	1.09–1.24	1.24–1.42	≥ 1.42
% diabetes	52	40	37	59	83	80	74	33
OR (95% CI)	1	0.606 (0.172–1.958)	0.530 (0.136–1.784)	1.329 (0.424–4.188)	1	0.850 (0.221–3.292)	0.560 (0.152–2.484)	0.100 (0.017–0.682)*
Zinc/copper	n = 29	n = 23	n = 19	n = 20	n = 9	n = 35	n = 25	n = 27
	< 0.734	0.734–0.893	0.893–1.070	≥ 1.070	< 0.667	0.667–0.732	0.732–0.865	≥ 0.865
% diabetes	62	48	37	45	56	86	80	85
OR (95% CI)	1	0.560 (0.172–1.695)	0.357 (0.104–1.233)	0.500 (0.169–1.660)	1	4.800 (1.110–19.940)	3.200 (0.732–13.560)	4.600 (1.001–22.260)

Data is presented as OR (95% CI)

Significance is indicated as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001