Table 5.

Differences in total plasma concentrations of zinc, copper, magnesium and selenium and zinc/copper ratio in males and females with T1DM and T2DM (and respective age-matched controls)

Parameters (mean ± SD)	Controls age-match with T1DM			T1DM			Differences between T1DM and age-matched controls
	Males (n = 24), mean ± SD	Females (n = 23), mean ± SD	t-test between male and female controls	Males (n = 26), mean ± SD	Females (n = 19), mean ± SD	t-test between males and females with T1DM	t-test between T1DM males and control males	t-test between T1DM females and control females
Zinc (µM)	14.34 ± 2.72	12.62 ± 1.33	**	13.22 ± 1.538	12.22 ± 1.236	*	ns	ns
Copper (µM)	13.70 ± 1.44	18.81 ± 6.79	***	14.88 ± 3.727	21.23 ± 7.911	***	ns	ns
Magnesium (mM)	0.807 ± 0.056	0.804 ± 0.054	ns	0.763 ± 0.056	0.726 ± 0.052	*	**	***
Selenium (µM)	1.151 ± 0.117	1.106 ± 0.152	ns	1.120 ± 0.143	1.184 ± 0.145	ns	ns	ns
Zinc/copper ratio	1.025 ± 0.139	0.747 ± 0.253	***	0.930 ± 0.220	0.651 ± 0.260	***	ns	ns

Parameters (mean ± SD)	Controls age-match with T2DM			T2DM			Differences between T2DM and age-matched controls
	Males (n = 9), mean ± SD	Females (n = 8), mean ± SD	t-test between male and female controls	Males (n = 46), mean ±  SD	Females (n = 7), mean ± SD	t-test between males and females with T2DM	t-test between T2DM males and control males	t-test between T2DM females and control females
Zinc (µM)	12.33 ± 1.35	12.43 ± 2.11	ns	12.72 ± 1.45	12.32 ± 1.46	ns	ns	ns
Copper (µM)	16.44 ± 1.53	18.27 ± 6.76	ns	15.12 ± 2.28	18.67 ± 1.31	**	ns	ns
Magnesium (mM)	0.812 ± 0.083	0.712 ± 0.128	ns	0.737 ± 0.078	0.757 ± 0.047	ns	*	ns
Selenium (µM)	1.273 ± 0.149	1.165 ± 0.351	ns	1.153 ± 0.179	1.070 ± 0.229	ns	ns	ns
Zinc/copper ratio	0.757 ± 0.108	0.744 ± 0.257	ns	0.865 ± 0.140	0.683 ± 0.141	**	*	ns

Significance is indicated as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001