TABLE 3.
Interdependence relations between low–medium–high levels of Self-Regulation (SR) and Regulatory Teaching (RT) as independent variables, in strategies for coping with stress.
| DVs | Self-Regulation (SR) | Effects | |||
| 1. Low | 2.Medium | 3. High | Average | ||
| (n = 240) | (n = 429) | (n = 275) | (n = 944) | ||
| Coping Strategies | |||||
| Total | 2.66 (0.28) | 2.66 (0.26) | 2.71(0.28)* | 2.67 (0.27) | F (2, 941) = 3.265 (Pillai’s), p < 0.05; n2 = 0.007, pw = 0.622 |
| Dimensions | F(4,1882) = 40.770 (Pillai’s), p < 0.00l, n2 = 0.080, pw = 1.0 | ||||
| D1. Emotion-focused | 2.51(0.34)* | 2.43 (0.30) | 2.37 (0.32) | 2.43 (0.32) | F(2,941) = 12.892, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.026, 1 > 2 > 3 |
| D2. Problem-focused | 2.80 (0.34) | 2.89 (0.31) | 3.00(0.33)* | 2.92 (0.75) | F(2,941) = 38.765, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.076, 1 < 2 < 3* |
| Emotion-focused strategies (factors) | F(10,1858) = 21.011 (Pillai’s), p < 0.001, n2 = 0.107 | ||||
| F1. Avoidant distraction | 2.33(0.51)* | 2.27 (0.48) | 2.20 (0.51) | 2.26 (0.50) | F(2,1056) = 4.431, p < 0.01, n2 = 0.008; 1 > 3 |
| F7. Reducing anxiety | 3.11(0.64)* | 3.05 (0.59) | 2.91 (0.69) | 3.02 (0.64) | F(2,1056) = 7.954, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.015, 1 > 2 > 3 |
| F8. Preparing for the worst | 2.83(0.47)* | 2.66 (0.46) | 2.56 (0.46) | 2.67 (0.47) | F(2,1056) = 24.302, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.044; 1 > 2 > 3 |
| F9. Emotional venting | 2.09(0.48)* | 1.90 (0.42) | 1.68 (0.37) | 2.67 (0.47) | F(2,1056) = 68.259, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.114; 1 > 2 > 3* |
| F11. Resigned acceptance | 2.29(0.56)* | 2.05 (0.47) | 1.78 (0.48) | 2.04 (0.53) | F(2,1056) = 74.507, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.124; 1 > 2 > 3* |
| Problem-focused strategies (factors) | F(10,2132) = 19391 (Pillai’s), p < 0.001, n2 = 0.125 | ||||
| F2. Seeking help | 2.80 (0.73) | 2.95 (0.65) | 3.05(0.66)* | 2.87 (0.86) | F(2,1069) = 9,713 (Pillai’s), p < 0.001, n2 = 0.018; 3 > 2 > 1 |
| F5. Self-Instructions | 2.86 (0.44) | 3.05 (0.88) | 3.07 (0.43) | 3.29(0.39)* | F(2,1069) = 86.880, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.125; 3 > 2 > 1* |
| F10. Positive re-appraisal | 2.77 (0.49) | 3.06 (0.42) | 3.05 (0.73) | 3.39(0.39)* | F(2,1069) = 144.769, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.213; 3 > 2 > 1* |
| F12. Communicating feelings | 2.90 (0.79) | 3.05 (0.71) | 3.17(0.70)* | 2.57 (0.94) | F(2,1069) = 9.706, p < 0.001, n2 = 018; 3 > 2 > 1 |
| F13. Alternative reinforcement | 2.79 (0.40) | 2.81 (0.41) | 2.93(0.45)* | 2.84 (0.43) | F(2,1069) = 9.486, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.017; 3 > 2,1 |
| DVs |
Regulatory Teaching (RT) |
||||
|
1. Low |
2. Medium |
3. High |
average |
||
| (n = 159) | (n = 390) | (n = 293) | (n = 842) | ||
| Coping Strategies | |||||
| Total | 2.60 (0.28) | 2.63 (0.25) | 2.74(0.28)* | 2.66 (0.78) | F(2,893) = 18.665 (Pillai’s), p < 0.001, n2 = 0.043; 3 > 2,1 |
| Dimensions | F(4,1882) = 40.770 (Pillai’s), p < 0.001, n2 = 0.080 | ||||
| D1. Emotion-focused | 2.39(0.33)* | 2.41 (0.30) | 2.47 (34) | 2.43 (0.32) | F(2,941) = 12.892 (Pillai’s), p < 0.001, n2 = 0.027, 1 > 2 > 3 |
| D2. Problem-focused | 2.81 (0.50) | 2.85 (0.32) | 3.01(0.25)* | 2.90 (0.33) | F(2,941) = 38.765, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.076; 3 > 2 > 1* |
| Emotion-focused strategies (factors) | F(10,1858) = 4.628 (Pillai’s), p < 0.001, n2 = 0.036 | ||||
| F1. Avoidant distraction | 2.17 (0.49) | 2.26 (0.47) | 230(0.52)* | 2.26 (0.49) | F(2,952) = 3.805 (Pillai’s), p < 0.05, n2 = 0.008; 3 > 1 |
| F7. Reducing anxiety | 3.00 (0.65) | 2.96 (0.58) | 3.11(0.71)* | 3.02 (0.64) | F(2,952) = 4.161, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.016, 1,2 < 3 |
| F8. Preparing for the worst | 2.61 (0.49) | 2.67 (0.46) | 2.71 (0.48) | 2.67 (0.47) | F(2,952) = 1.919, p < 0.147 ns, n2 = 0.004 |
| F9. Emotional venting | 1.92 (0.44) | 1.92 (0.45) | 1.82(0.45)* | 1.89 (0.45) | F(2,952) = 5.697, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.012; 1,2 > 3* |
| F11. Resigned acceptance | 2.06 (0.56) | 2.08 (0.51) | 2.00 (0.51) | 2.05 (0.52) | F(2,952) = 2.258, p < 0.08, n2 = 0.005 |
| Problem-focused strategies (factors) | F(10,1858) = 4.628 (Pillai’s), n2 < 0.001, n2 = 0.036 | ||||
| F2. Seeking help | 2.76 (0.72) | 2.87 (0.65) | 3.09(0.69)* | 2.92 (0.69) | F(2,932) = 15.283, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.032; 1,2 < 3 |
| F5. Self-Instructions | 2.96 (0.46) | 3.00 (0.41) | 3.18(0.40)* | 3.05 (0.43) | F(2,932) = 20.309, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.042, 1,2 < 3* |
| F10. Positive re-appraisal | 2.95 (0.56) | 2.99 (0.46) | 3.20(0.47)* | 3.06 (0.49) | F(2,932) = 23.028, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.047; 1,2 < 3* |
| F12. Communicating feelings | 2.88 (0.79) | 2.98 (0.69) | 3.18(0.71)* | 3.03 (0.71) | F(2,932) = 11.865, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.025;1,2 < 3 |
| F13. Alternative reinforcement | 2.75 (0.43) | 2.79 (0.41) | 2.92(0.44)* | 2.83 (0.43) | F(2,932) = 12.290, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.026; 1,2 < 3 |
SR, Self-Regulation; NR, Non-regulation; DR, Dysregulation; ER, External Regulation; ENR, External Non-regulation; EDR, External Dysregulation; *Featured effect.