Table 1.

Axon model material parameters.

Axonal component	Element type	Material	References
Microtubules	Solid	Linear elastic E = 830 MPa ν = 0.37	(64)
Cortex	Shell	G = 0.0016 MPa η = 1e5 Pas	(62, 63)
Tau proteins	Discrete beam	Linear viscoelastic K = 5e−5 N/m μ = 2.205e−4 Ns/m	(23, 24)
NFs elements	Discrete beam	Linear viscoelastic K = 7.5e−5 N/m μ = 1e−7 Ns/m	(calibrated)
Mts-NFs links	Discrete beam	Linear viscoelastic K = 1e−6 N/m μ = 1e−7 Ns/m	(65)

Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (ν), shear modulus (G), viscosity (η), spring stiffness (K), 1D viscosity coefficient (μ) (for references, see Supplementary Material).