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. 2019 Dec 21;412(4):811–818. doi: 10.1007/s00216-019-02319-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a The three-dimensional schematic structure of the electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors used for single-molecule detection along with the sketches of the proteins used. b Output characteristics (I_D vs. V_D, with V_G ranging from 0 to − 0.5 V in steps of − 0.05) measured with a gold-plated Kapton gate. c Transfer characteristics (I_D vs. V_G ranging from 0.1 to − 0.5 V at constant V_D = − 0.4 V) for a gold plate gate before and after the measurement of the dose response curve (red and blue line respectively) and for an anti-HIV-1 p24-functionalized gate (black curve)