Table 1B.
Characteristic of included studies.
| References | Case/control | Case/control ratio estimation | Case/control matching | Criteria of CPD | Criteria of Control | Temporal association | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hutter et al. (2001) | 39/42 | NA | Yes | BL ≥ 50% (≥7 teeth) | CEJ to alveolar bone crest <2 mm |
In parallel | 6 |
| Naik et al. (2010) | 15/15 | NA | Yes | CAL: 30% sites ≥ 5 mm, or most sites ≥ 6 mm | CAL: 0% sites | In parallel | 7 |
| Gokhale et al. (2010) | 30/30 | NA | NA | PD ≥ 6 mm (30% sites) BL > 50% |
PD <3 mm | In parallel | 5 |
| Prakash et al. (2012) | 90/50 | NA | Yes | CAL ≥ 2 mm | PD <3 mm CAL: 0% sites; without BL |
In parallel | 6 |
| Patel et al. (2014) | 50/50 | NA | Yes | PD ≥ 2 mm and AL ≥ 2 mm (30% sites) | PD <3 mm CAL: 0% sites |
In parallel | 6 |
| Chakraborty et al. (2014) | 20/22 | A significant difference in BOP% with 80% power and two-sided 0.05 level of significance |
NA | CAL ≥ 4 mm, PD ≥ 5 mm (≥2 interproximal sites) | In parallel | 6 | |
| Khan et al. (2015) | 20/20 | NA | Yes | PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 5 mm | Clinically healthy gingival | In parallel | 6 |
| Latha et al. (2015) | 14/14 | NA | NA | PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 1 mm | PD <3 mm CAL: 0% sites |
In parallel | 6 |
| Anumolu et al. (2016) | 50/50 | NA | NA | PD ≥ 5 mm (30% sites) and CAL ≥ 2 mm | GI: 0–1 | In parallel | 6 |
| Carvalho et al. (2016) | 33/30 | NA | NA | PD ≥ 5 mm and AL ≥ 6 mm | Absence of periodontal infection | In parallel | 6 |
| Kolte et al. (2014) | 100/100 | NA | NA | PD ≥ 5 mm | PD ≤ 3 mm | In parallel | 6 |
| Nibal et al. (2019) | 121/225 | NA | NA | PD and CAL ≥ 5 mm | PD and CAL <5 mm (≥20 teeth) | In parallel | 6 |
| Shirmohamadi et al. (2016) | 20/20 | α = 0.05 and a statistical power of 80% | NA | CAL ≥ 4 mm, PD ≥ 5 mm (≥2 interproximal sites) | PD <3 mm CAL: 0% sites |
In parallel | 6 |
| Thomas et al. (2013) | 50/50 | NA | NA | CAL ≥ 4 mm (30% sites) | PD ≤ 3 mm GI ≤ 2 (≥20 teeth) |
In parallel | 6 |
| Craig et al. (2003) | 44/25 | NA | Yes | CAL > 3 mm, PD > 3 mm (≥4 sites) | CAL <3 mm (≥24 teeth) | In parallel | 6 |
| Guo et al. (2018) | 22/22 | NA | NA | BL ≥ 30%, CAL ≥ 5 mm, PD ≥ 5 mm | Clinically healthy gingival | In parallel | 6 |
BL, alveolar bone loss; CAL, clinical attachment level; CEJ, cemento-enamel junction; CPD, chronic periodontal disease; CG, control group; GI, gingival index; NA, not available; PD, probing depth.