Figure 7.

Regulation of Arg-1, Arg-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in case of Leishmania donovani infection. THP-1 monocyte-derived MΦs (1 × 10⁶ cells/ml) were either left untreated or preincubated with BEC (200 μM) or L-NIL (100 ng/ml) for 3 h followed by infection with L. donovani for 48 h (A–C). The expression of Arg-1, Arg-2, and iNOS was determined at the transcript level by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (A) and real-time PCR (B) and protein level by western blotting (C). The intensity of the bands was quantified by densitometry using Quantity one software. Each experiment was repeated three times. Each determination was made in triplicate and the values were expressed as mean ± SD for three independent experiments. Semi-QRT PCR gel images and western blots are representative of three experiments. Densitometric plots are shown adjacent to the gel images. Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's multiple comparison test was used to evaluate statistical significance for comparing three or more groups; ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.005.