Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study groups.
| Healthy/gingivitis (n = 133) |
Periodontitis stage I/II (n = 95) |
Periodontitis stage III/IV (n = 108) |
p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.9 (±19.1) | 47.7 (±15.1) | 61.5 (±13.3)a,b | <0.001 |
| Males, n (%) | 55 (41.4) | 50 (52.6) | 61 (56.5) | 0.041 |
| Females, n (%) | 78 (58.6) | 45 (47.4) | 47 (43.5) | |
| Smokers, n (%) | 15 (11.3) | 12 (12.6) | 17 (15.7) | 0.596 |
| N° teeth | 25.5 (±4.2) | 26.3 (±2.6) | 24.0 (±4.0)a,b | <0.001 |
| Plaque index (%) | 18.9 (±26.0) | 17.1 (±16.8) | 22.4 (±23.1)a | 0.011 |
| BOP (%) | 5.5 (±13.5) | 10.4 (±8.1)a | 14.3 (±14.6)a | <0.001 |
| PPD 4–5 mm (n) | – | 7.0 (±6.7) | 19.2 (±18.8) | <0.001 |
| PPD ≥ 6 mm (n) | – | – | 1.3 (±2.2) | – |
BOP, bleeding on probing; PPD, probing pocket depth.
*
Kruskal–Wallis/Mann–Whitney test or Chi-square test.
a
p < 0.05 in comparison to healthy/gingivitis group.
b
p < 0.05 in comparison to periodontitis stage I/II group.