Table 2.

Glimpse of characterization of different ethosomal formulation

Characterization	LF1	LF2	LF3	LF4	LF5
Particle size	178.3 ± 2.4	172.6 ± 3.2	166.2 ± 4.6	162.7 ± 5.3	155.3 ± 1.2
PDI	0.252 ± 0.05	0.302 ± 0.04	0.292 ± 0.05	0.263 ± 0.02	0.186 ± 0.07
Zeta potential	− 29.5 ± 0.6	− 30.3 ± 1.5	− 32.5 ± 0.8	− 37.5 ± 0.5	− 42.2 ± 0.3
pH	6.1	6.4	5.7	5.9	5.2
Viscosity	6849 ± 0.5	7321 ± 1.3	7063 ± 2.8	7521 ± 1.9	7232 ± 1.2
Spearability	5.90 ± 0.8	6.20 ± 1.5	6.60 ± 0.7	7.83 ± 0.3	8.28 ± 0.6
Extrudability	++	++	++	++	+++

Characterization	LF6	LF7	LF8	LF9
Particle size	178.6 ± 4.1	182.8 ± 2.7	189.3 ± 5.3	196.4 ± 2.4
PDI	0.298 ± 0.02	0.341 ± 0.06	0.37 ± 0.04	0.413 ± 0.073
Zeta potential	− 27.4 ± 0.5	− 31.3 ± 0.4	− 38.5 ± 0.7	− 23.2 ± 1.6
pH	5.3	6.7	6.1	5.8
Viscosity	8528 ± 2.4	6532 ± 1.6	6723 ± 1.8	7651 ± 0.5
Spearability	8.05 ± 1.5	5.80 ± 1.8	5.5 ± 0.7	4.8 ± 1.6
Extrudability	++	++	++	+++