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. 2020 Feb 6;10:13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55911-3

Table 1.

Diving and vocal coordination of three pairs of whales tagged in the same social group for overlapping time periods.

Whale pair # dive pairs Max. depth (m) Depth diff. (m) Dur. (min) Dur. diff. (min) Total time overlap (%) Vocal time overlap (%)
Blainville’s Canary Islands ♂♀ Deep n = 1 639 16 46 2 99 98
Shallow n = 6 56 (37–108) 8 (2–13) 11 (9–14) 0.7 (0.5–1.2) 93 (91–96)
Cuvier’s Liguria Ind-Ind Deep n = 4 954 (724–1600) 49 (6–135) 55 (48–64) 0.2 (0.2) 100 (99–100) 95 (90–100)
Shallow n = 11 173 (114–275) 21 (6–42) 17 (15–20) 0.3 (0.1–1) 98 (94–100)
Cuvier’s Azores (pre-group split) Ind-Ind Deep n = 5 1544 (1296–1669) 287 (89–769) 61 (60–62) 0.3 (0.1–0.6) 100 (100–100) 100 (100–100)
Shallow n = 12 166 (142–189) 39 (22–61) 19 (16–22) 0.6 (0.2–0.8) 97 (95–98)
Cuvier’s Azores (post-group split) Ind-Ind Deep n = 1 1574 134 61 0.1 29 0
Shallow n = 3 270 (149–382) 65 (50–82) 19 (6–25) 7 (2–16) 42 (0–65)

For each pair of whales we located the deep dives performed by one whale and identified the deep dive of whale two with the closest start time. This resulted in 10 dive pairs including all deep dives of both whales. For these dives we quantified the time overlap and the vocal phase overlap (i.e., the minimum percent of time that one whale is diving/vocal when the other whale also is). Time overlap is computed separately for deep dives where whales forage using echolocation, and for silent shallow dives. Results are expressed as mean (range). Max depth: maximum depth of the paired dives; Depth diff: difference in maximum depth of the paired dives. Dur: dive duration. ♂ Male; ♀ Female; Ind: indeterminate sex.