Figure 1.

Methyltransferases, Demethylases, and m⁶A-Binding Proteins in m⁶A Modification

m⁶A is catalyzed by writers and removed by erasers (FTO and ALKBH5). MACOM, consisting of WTAP, VIRMA, Hakai, RBM15, and ZC3H13, ensures the location of the METTL3-METTL14 core complex to nuclear speckle. m⁶A modification exerts biological functions by binding to YTHDC1–2, YTHDF1–3, HNRNPA2B1, IGF2BP1–3, eIF3, and eIF4A3. In the nucleus, YTHDC1 and HNRNPA2B1 bind m⁶A and perform multiple functions. In the cytoplasm, YTHDC2, YTHDF1–3, IGF2BP1–3, eIF3, and eIF4A3 induce translation or degradation of transcripts. eIF3 can promote translation by directly binding m⁶A in the 5′ UTR.