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. 2020 Jan 31;22(1):11–28. doi: 10.5853/jos.2019.02103

Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review

Study Design Participants
 Aetiology of SAH Timing after SAH Tool used to diagnose depression
No. Age (mean±SD) Male sex (%)
Ljunggren et al. (1985) [63] Cross 40 NR 42.5 Aneu 40–45 mo Interview
Hütter et al. (1995) [20,21] Cross 58 46 (median) 43 Aneu 1–5 yr BDI
Hellawell et al. (1999) [39] Long 44 49.7±14.6 45 Aneu 6 mo (T1) HADS
1 yr (T2)
2 yr (T3)
Fertl et al. (1999) [51] Cross 40 51 (SD NR) 40 Aneu Average 22 mo (range, NR) BDI
Carter et al. (2000) [61] Cross 182 52 (SD NR) NR Aneu 1–5 yr ZDS
Powell et al. (2002) [18] and Powell et al. (2004) [19] Long 52 46.9±10.4 33 Aneu 3 mo (T1) BDI & HADS
9 mo (T2)
18 mo (T3)
Fontanella et al. (2003) [50] Long 37 55.3±8.8 35 Aneu 6 mo BDI
Bellebaum et al. (2004) [49] Long 32 54.4±12.5 NR Aneu 23–28 mo BDI
Morris et al. (2004) [40] Cross 70 45.2±15.2 39 Aneu (81%) 14–23 mo BDI & HADS
Salmond et al. (2006) [48] Cross 20 58.6±2.1 20 Aneu 14–99 mo BDI
Wermer et al. (2007) [38] Cross 610 54.3±9.0 36 Aneu 2.3–18.8 yr HADS
Kreitschmann-Andermahr et al. (2007) [47] Cross 40 43.8 (SD NR) NR Aneu 12–66 mo BDI
Preiss et al. (2007) [46] Long 75 45.7 (SD NR) 33 Aneu 1 yr BDI
Orbo et al. (2008) [45] Long 42 48 (SD NR) 40.4 Aneu 1 yr BDI
Visser-Meily et al. (2009) [36] Cross 141 54.1±12.3 33.3 Aneu 2–4 yr HADS
Haug et al. (2009) [55] Long 46 53 (median) 37 Aneu 1 yr MADRS
King et al. (2009) [37] Long 178 54.7±12.6 26 Aneu NR HADS
Mukerji et al. (2010) [35] Cross 77 54.3±10.8 32.5 Aneu (84%) 12–266 mo HADS
Passier et al. (2010) [14], Passier et al. (2011) [15], Passier et al. (2012) [16] Long 111 52.8±13.0 18 Aneu 3 mo BDI
Meyer et al. (2010) [44] Long 113 54.4±14.1 32.7 Aneu At discharge (T1) BDI
12 mo (T2)
Caeiro et al. (2011) [54] Long 108 53.5±14.2 30 Aneu (56%) ≤4 day MADRS
Alfieri et al. (2008) [17] Long 38 44.3±13.7 42 Aneu (47%) On admission (T1) BDI
1 mo (T2)
1 yr (T3)
3 yr (T4)
5 yr (T5)
Hedlund et al. (2011) [62] Long 83 52±9 36 NR 10 day (T1) Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders
7 mo (T2)
Wong et al. (2012) [57] Long 90 45±11 76 Aneu 3 mo GDS
Latimer et al. (2013) [33] Cross 23 52.7 (SD NR) NR Aneu 40–45 mo HADS
von Vogelsang et al. (2013) [34] Cross 217 50.6±12 29 Aneu 8.8–12 yr HADS
Kreiter et al. (2013) [53] Long 216 51.2±13.8 36 Aneu (87%) 3 mo (T1) CESD
1 yr (T2)
Wong et al. (2013) [56] Long 120 51 (median) 68 Aneu 1 yr GDS
Vetkas et al. (2013) [59] Cross 114 54±13 32 Aneu 1–10 yr Emotional State Questionnaire
Noble et al. (2014) [32] Cross 414 44.6 (SD NR) 25 Aneu (68.4%) 0–34 yr HADS
Wong et al. (2014) [3] Cross 103 55±10 29 Aneu 1–4 yr Neuropsychiatric inventory
Gill et al. (2015) [31] Cross 93 49.67±10.05 20.43 NR 2–58 mo HADS
Hütter et al. (2014) [43] Cross 45 47.1±10.7 44 Aneu (64%) 3–5 yr BDI
Boerboom et al. (2014) [22] and Boerboom et al. (2016) [23,24] Long 76 53.8±11.5 31.6 Aneu 0.4 yr (T1) CESD
3.9 yr (T2)
von Vogelsang et al. (2015) [29] Long 88 52.6±14.2 34.1 Aneu 6 mo (T1) HADS
1 yr (T2)
2 yr (T3)
Buunk et al. (2015) [30] Cross 200 58.7 (SD NR) 36.5 Aneu 2–10 yr HADS
Brand et al. (2015) [65] Long 21 58.8 (SD NR) 19 Aneu 5–9 mo Depression Skala
Scherfler et al. (2016) [28] Long 14 46.1±12 43 Aneu (36%) 1 yr HADS
Gerber et al. (2016) [42] Cross 15 52.7±9.8 27 Aneu 44 mo BDI
Taufique et al. (2016) [52] Long 1181 52.3±12.8 NR NR 1 yr CESD
Kronvall et al. (2016) [60] Long 51 NR NR Aneu 3–6 mo (T1) Psychological general well-being
6–12 mo (T2)
12–24 mo (T3)
Pačić-Turk et al. (2016) [64] Long 72 46±9.2 39 Aneu 11 mo (T1) Cornell personality questionnaire
12–48 mo (T2)
Colledge et al. (2017) [12,13] Cross 15 57.3±8.9 27 Aneu 44 mo BDI
Ackermark et al. (2017) [41] Long 93 50.3±11.8 19.4 Aneu 3 mo (T1) BDI
1 yr (T2)
2–5 yr (T3)
Buunk et al. (2018) [26] Cross 221 57.0±10.0 (Aneu group), 55.4±10.2 (other group) 31.3 (Aneu group), 58.2 (other group) Aneu (75%) 3–10 yr HADS
Tölli et al. (2018) [25] Long 45 57.4±9.9 22.9 NR 3 mo (T1) HADS
6 mo (T2)
12 mo (T3)
Bründl et al. (2018) [58] Long 21 42.0–59.8 (mean) 33.3–50 Aneu (71%) 11–35 day (T1) ICD-10-Symptom-Rating Questionnaire
6 mo (T2)

SD, standard deviation; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; Cross, cross-sectional; NR, not reported; Aneu, aneurysmal; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; Long, longitudinal; HADS, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale; ZDS, Zung Self-rating Depression Scale; MADRS, Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; DSMIV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition.