Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Antiplatelet arm |
Probucol arm |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cilostazol (n=683) | Aspirin (n=690) | P | Probucol (n=686) | Non-probucol (n=687) | P | |
| Age (yr) | 65.9±10.8 | 66.2±10.7 | 0.601 | 65.8±10.8 | 66.3±10.7 | 0.379 |
| Male sex | 421 (62) | 422 (61) | 0.855 | 417 (61) | 426 (62) | 0.642 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.4±3.5 | 24.3±3.5 | 0.479 | 24.5±3.5 | 24.2±3.5 | 0.087 |
| Entry event | 0.638 | 0.126 | ||||
| Ischemic stroke | 653 (96) | 656 (95) | 660 (96) | 649 (94) | ||
| Transient ischemic attack | 30 (4) | 34 (5) | 26 (4) | 38 (6) | ||
| Index of high risk of ICH | 0.907 | 0.791 | ||||
| Prior history of ICH | 140 (20) | 144 (21) | 137 (20) | 147 (21) | ||
| Imaging findings of ICH without clinical history | 129 (19) | 124 (18) | 129 (19) | 124 (18) | ||
| Multiple microbleeds | 414 (61) | 422 (61) | 420 (61) | 416 (61) | ||
| Time-to-randomization since entry event (day) | 18 (8–40) | 17 (8–36) | 0.615 | 18 (8–38) | 17 (8–38) | 0.417 |
| Risk factors | ||||||
| Hypertension | 603 (88) | 614 (89) | 0.683 | 614 (90) | 603 (88) | 0.312 |
| Diabetes | 214 (31) | 226 (33) | 0.573 | 211 (31) | 229 (33) | 0.307 |
| Current smoking | 135 (20) | 149 (22) | 0.403 | 144 (21) | 140 (20) | 0.779 |
| Lipids (mg/dL)* | ||||||
| HDL-C | 45.1±11.8 | 45.3±12.2 | 0.847 | 45.3±12.1 | 45.1±11.9 | 0.689 |
| LDL-C | 102.3±36.7 | 102.9±34.8 | 0.748 | 104.5±35.8 | 100.7±35.6 | 0.047 |
| Triglycerides | 125.3±89.4 | 132.6±83.2 | 0.116 | 131.9±93.6 | 126.1±78.6 | 0.218 |
| Fazekas score† | 0.505 | 0.440 | ||||
| 0 | 0 (0) | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | ||
| 1 | 184 (28) | 203 (30) | 186 (28) | 201 (31) | ||
| 2 | 296 (45) | 290 (43) | 309 (46) | 277 (42) | ||
| 3 | 174 (27) | 176 (26) | 171 (26) | 179 (27) | ||
| Intima-media thickness | 1.11±0.13 | 1.10±0.13 | 0.229 | 1.11±0.13 | 1.10±0.13 | 0.113 |
| Ankle-brachial index | 0.91±0.25 | 0.93±0.24 | 0.353 | 0.92±0.25 | 0.92±0.24 | 0.897 |
| Concomitant therapy | 0.608 | |||||
| Statin | 535 (78) | 545 (79) | 0.767 | 539 (79) | 541 (79) | 0.936 |
| Low intensity | 8 (2) | 9 (2) | 8 (2) | 9 (2) | ||
| Moderate intensity | 313 (61) | 309 (59) | 0.848 | 317 (62) | 305 (59) | 0.655 |
| High intensity | 191 (37) | 202 (39) | 189 (37) | 204 (39) | ||
| ARB/ACEI | 414 (61) | 372 (54) | 0.012 | 391 (57) | 395 (57) | 0.852 |
| Dihydropyridine | 323 (47) | 315 (46) | 0.543 | 315 (46) | 323 (47) | 0.683 |
| Beta blockers | 72 (11) | 70 (10) | 0.809 | 77 (11) | 65 (9) | 0.283 |
| Thiazide | 98 (14) | 86 (12) | 0.305 | 97 (14) | 87 (13) | 0.422 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).
ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
*
To convert cholesterol and triglyceride values to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.02586 and 0.01129, respectively;
†
Data evaluated for patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences.