Table 2.

The demographic, clinical and subcortical grey matter profile of the three groups. ALSFRS-r = the revised ALS functional rating scale, EMM = estimated marginal mean, M = Mean, N/a = Not applicable, SE = standard error, SD = standard deviation. Estimate marginal means are adjusted with the following values age = 58.77, gender = 1.45, education = 13.78, and total intracranial volume = 1429699.38.

	PLS n = 33	ALS n = 100	Healthy Controls n = 117	p value
Age M/SD	60.5 (10.5)	59.8 (11.2)	57.4 (11.9)	0.19
Gender (M/F)	19/14	62/38	56/61	0.11
Education (years) M/SD	12.9 (3.4)	13.5 (3.2)	14.3 (3.3)	0.04
Handedness (R/L)	29/4	90/10	109/8	0.55
ALSFRS-r (max 48) M/SD	34.4 (5.3)	36.6 (7.5)	N/a	0.11
Symptom Duration (months) M/SD	121.76 (68.7)	20.6 (14.3)	N/a	7.1E-16
Total intracranial volume (mm3) M/SD	1439675.5 (145614.1)	1440623.0 (149085.7)	1417549.2 (128172.3)	0.432
Hippocampus (Left) EMM/SE	3566.6 (84.4)	3624.1 (48.5)	3805.1 (45.1)	0.007
Hippocampus (Right) EMM/SE	3707.4 (85.4)	3739.1 (49.1)	3888.5 (45.7)	0.045
Amygdala (Left) EMM/SE	1189.4 (42.3)	1124.0 (24.4)	1213.9 (22.7)	0.03
Amygdala (Right) EMM/SE	1144.2 (44.0)	1111.2 (25.3)	1178.8 (23.5)	0.16
Thalamus (Left) EMM/SE	7044.0 (97.9)	7376.1 (56.3)	7614.0 (52.4)	2E-6
Thalamus (Right) EMM/SE	6896.5 (81.5)	7181.9 (52.6)	7402.8 (48.9)	5E-6
Nucleus accumbens (Left) EMM/SE	473.8 (19.6)	465.8 (11.3)	493.8 (10.5)	0.19
Nucleus accumbens (Right) EMM/SE	326.9 (19.0)	339.6 (10.9)	378.2 (10.2)	0.01
Caudate nucleus (Left) EMM/SE	3283.3 (60.0)	3287.5 (34.5)	3409.6 (32.1)	0.02
Caudate nucleus (Right) EMM/SE	3412.4 (66.3)	3506.8 (38.1)	3576.7 (35.5)	0.08
Putamen (Left) EMM/SE	4550.8 (82.3)	4620.7 (47.3)	4692.2 (44.0)	0.27
Putamen (Right) EMM/SE	4625.6 (86.7)	4674.1 (50.0)	4741.9 (46.3)	0.41
Pallidum (Left) EMM/SE	1733.7 (36.3)	1751.6 (20.8)	1773.1 (19.4)	0.58
Pallidum (Right) EMM/SE	1713.7 (40.5)	1775.4 (23.3)	1779.5 (21.7)	0.34