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. 2020 Jan 31;11:12. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00012

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Copyright © 2020 Huguenard, Cseresznye, Evans, Oberlin, Langlois, Ferguson, Darcey, Nkiliza, Dretsch, Mullan, Crawford and Abdullah.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Examination of total peripheral levels of several lipid classes in mTBI, PTSD and mTBI + PTSD in individuals with and without the APOE ε4 allele using an LC-MS assay. (A) Schematic illustration of possible main contributors to the signals observed. (B) There was an interaction of diagnosis and ε4 status for TG (p = 0.029), DG (p = 0.000252), Cer (p = 0.01), and Hexcer (p = 0.003) lipids. Statistical analyses; MLM with LSD post hoc, p ≤ 0.05 cut-off, ^∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ^∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001. TG, Triglycerides; DG, Diglycerides; Cer: Ceramides; HexCer, Hexosylceramides.