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. 2020 Jan 31;11:12. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00012

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Copyright © 2020 Huguenard, Cseresznye, Evans, Oberlin, Langlois, Ferguson, Darcey, Nkiliza, Dretsch, Mullan, Crawford and Abdullah.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry examination of peripheral levels of sum composition lipids in mTBI, PTSD and mTBI + PTSD in individuals with and without the ε4 allele. (A) Heatmap of fold change of lipids that were significantly altered compared to their ε4− and ε4+ respective controls. (B) Venn diagram of sum composition lipids altered in ε4− diagnostic groups compared to their control. (C) Venn diagram of sum composition lipids altered in ε4+ diagnostic groups compared to their control. Statistical analyses; MLM with LSD post hoc and B–H correction, p ≤ 0.05 cut-off. TG, Triglycerides; DG, Diglycerides; CE, Cholesterol esters; PS, Phosphatidylserines; Cer, Ceramides; HexCer, Hexosylceramides. DG(34:2)2 indicates a second peak integrated separately for that lipid. In Venn diagrams bolded lipids indicate an increase compared to controls while non-bolded indicates a decrease. Lipids marked by an asterisk indicate this lipid is increased in a group and decreased in another.