Table 1.
Characteristics of study patients.
| Variables | N = 68,108 (100) |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Female | 36,710 (53.9) |
| Male | 31, 398 (46.1) |
| Mean age in years | 27.5 |
| Primary Payor (Insurance) | |
| Medicaid | 17,568 (25.79) |
| Medicare | 36,389 (53.43) |
| Private | 12,040 (17.68) |
| Uninsured | 2111 (3.10) |
| Charlson comorbidity index | |
| 0 | 43,405 (63.73) |
| 1 | 18,229 (26.77) |
| 2 | 3,762 (5.52) |
| ≥ 3 | 2,712 (3.98) |
| Median Income in the zip code | |
| <$43,000 | 35,384 (51.95) |
| $43,000-$51,999 | 15,758 (23.14) |
| $54,000-$70,999 | 11,075 (16.26) |
| ≥ $71,000 | 5,891 (8.65) |
| Type of residence | |
| Large metropolitan (≥1 million residents) | 47,546 (69.81) |
| Small metropolitan (<1 million residents) | 17,391 (25.53) |
| Micropolitan | 2,243 (3.29) |
| Non-urban | 928 (1.36) |
| Hospital size | |
| Small | 8,045 (11.81) |
| Medium | 16,980 (24.93) |
| Large | 43,083 (63.26) |
| Hospital volume quintiles | |
| 1.(Lowest) | 554 (0.81) |
| 2. | 1,659 (2.44) |
| 3. | 4,079 (5.99) |
| 4. | 9,930 (14.58) |
| 5. | (Highest) 51,886 (76.18) |
| Hospital Location | |
| Rural | 11,588 (17.01) |
| Urban | 56,520 (82.99) |
| Discharge against medical advice | 1944 (2.86) |
| Hospital teaching status | |
| Non-teaching | 14,759 (21.67) |
| Teaching | 53,349 (78.33) |