Table 2.
Differences in biomedical parameters among study patients in relation to major clinical signs.
| (2a) Differences in clinical parameters among study patients in relation to major clinical signs | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical features | All participants | Status | Age (Months) | Body temperature (°C) | Number of stools | Respiratory rate (per minute) | ||
| N (%) | Value | Value | Value | Value | ||||
| General signs | Restless | 182 (30.6) | Absent | — | — | — | 44 | |
| Present | — | — | — | 49 | ||||
| Wasted | 63 (10.6) | Absent | — | — | 1 | — | ||
| Present | — | — | 0.7 | — | ||||
| HEENT | Rhinorrhea | 159 (27) | Absent | — | — | — | 44 | |
| Present | — | — | — | 50 | ||||
| Gastrointestinal | Vomiting | 326 (54.3) | Absent | — | — | 0.6 | — | |
| Present | — | — | 1.3 | — | ||||
| Diarrhea | 188 (32) | Absent | — | — | 0 | — | ||
| Present | — | — | 3 | — | ||||
| Bloody stool | 69 (12) | Absent | — | — | 0.6 | — | ||
| Present | — | — | 3 | — | ||||
| Abdominal pain | 109 (18.4) | Absent | — | — | — | 47 | ||
| Present | — | — | — | 41 | ||||
| Neurological | Prostrated | 23 (4) | Absent | — | 39 | — | — | |
| Present | — | 38.6 | — | — | ||||
| Unconscious | 66 (11) | Absent | 47 | — | — | |||
| Present | 36 | — | — | |||||
| Respiratory | Frequent sneezing | 6 (1) | Absent | — | 39 | — | — | |
| Present | — | 38.3 | — | — | ||||
| Cough | 270 (46) | Absent | — | — | — | 42 | ||
| Present | — | — | — | 50 | ||||
| Bronchial breath sounds | 105 (18.4) | Absent | — | — | — | 44 | ||
| Present | — | — | — | 53 | ||||
| Flaring | 63 (11) | Absent | — | — | — | 44 | ||
| Present | — | — | — | 58 | ||||
| Sore throat | 5 (0.8) | Absent | — | — | — | 45 | ||
| Present | — | — | — | 61 | ||||
| Urinary | Pain in passing urine | 14 (2.4) | Absent | — | — | — | 46 | |
| Present | — | — | — | 36 | ||||
| Increased frequency of urination | 11 (1.9) | Absent | 47 | — | — | — | ||
| Present | 20 | — | — | — | ||||
| (2b) Differences in biochemical parameters among study patients in relation to major clinical signs | ||||||||
| Clinical features | All participants | Status | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | Hematocrit (%) | Leukocytes (x109/L) | Thrombocytes (x109/L) | Transaminases* (IU/L) | |
| N (%) | Value | Value | Value | Value | Value | |||
| General signs | Restless | 182 (30.6) | Absent | 9.1 | 26.2 | 11.9 | 216 | 33.7 |
| Present | 9.1 | 26.7 | 13.2 | 280 | 33.4 | |||
| Lethargic | 499 (83.9) | Absent | 9.9 | 28.9 | 12.6 | 297 | — | |
| Present | 8.9 | 25.9 | 12.2 | 224 | — | |||
| Wasted | 63 (10.6) | Absent | 9.2 | 26.6 | 12.2 | 239 | 33 | |
| Present | 8.3 | 24 | 13.0 | 212 | 37.7 | |||
| HEENT | Rhinorrhea | 159 (27) | Absent | 9.2 | 26.2 | 11.8 | 221 | 34.8 |
| Present | 8.4 | 27 | 13 | 275 | 30.9 | |||
| Gastro-intestinal | Vomiting | 326 (54.3) | Absent | 8.8 | 25.6 | 12.9 | 252 | 34.4 |
| Present | 9.3 | 27.1 | 11.7 | 223 | 32.6 | |||
| Diarrhea | 188 (32) | Absent | 8.8 | 25.6 | 12.3 | 210 | 33.9 | |
| Present | 9.6 | 27.9 | 12.1 | 292 | 31.3 | |||
| Abdominal pain | 109 (18.4) | Absent | 9.1 | 26.4 | 12.3 | 239 | 33.4¥ | |
| Present | 9.1 | 26.1 | 11.9 | 218 | 32.6¥ | |||
| Hepatomegaly | 199 (35) | Absent | 9.5 | 27.8 | 11.6 | 268 | 55.3ǂ | |
| Present | 8.1 | 23.5 | 13.4 | 175 | 67.6ǂ | |||
| (2b) Differences in biochemical parameters among study patients in relation to major clinical signs | ||||||||
| Clinical features | All participants | Status | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | Hematocrit (%) | Leukocytes (x109/L) | Thrombocytes (x109/L) | Transaminases* (IU/L) | |
| N (%) | Value | Value | Value | Value | Value | |||
| Neurological | Convulsion | 80 (13.5) | Absent | 9.1 | 26.6 | 13.3 | 244 | 32.1 |
| Present | 8.6 | 24.6 | 11.9 | 186 | 40.6 | |||
| Prostrated | 23 (4) | Absent | 9.1 | 26.4 | 12.2 | 237 | 33.6 | |
| Present | 8.6 | 24.8 | 13.5 | 211 | 32.6 | |||
| Unconscious | 66 (11) | Absent | 9.1 | 26.6 | 12.2 | 244 | 32.9 | |
| Present | 8.5 | 24.4 | 12.8 | 175 | 38.9 | |||
| Respiratory | Frequent sneezing | 6 (1) | Absent | 9.1 | 26.4 | 12.2 | 234 | 33.8 |
| Present | 10.9 | 35 | 12.4 | 447 | 22.3 | |||
| Cough | 270 (46) | Absent | 9 | 26.1 | 11.4 | 201 | 54.9 | |
| Present | 9.2 | 26.8 | 13.08 | 278 | 65.4 | |||
| Crackles | 66 (11.5) | Absent | 9 | 26.2 | 11.7 | 227 | 32.7 | |
| Present | 9.6 | 27.9 | 14.7 | 306 | 37.7 | |||
| Bronchial breath sounds | 105 (18.4) | Absent | 9 | 26.4 | 11.4 | 221 | 33.8 | |
| Present | 7.6 | 26.7 | 14.3 | 300 | 16 | |||
| Flaring | 63 (11) | Absent | 9.1 | 26.7 | 11.7 | 234 | 32 | |
| Present | 8.8 | 24.4 | 15.2 | 246 | 51.2 | |||
| Sore throat | 5 (0.8) | Absent | 9 | 26.4 | 12.1 | 234 | 33.8 | |
| Present | 10.7 | 34.2 | 15.4 | 447 | 23 | |||
| Urinary | Pain in passing urine | 14 (2.4) | Absent | 9.1 | 26.4 | 12.2 | 239 | — |
| Present | 9.4 | 25.7 | 8.3 | 137 | — | |||
| Increased frequency of urination | 11 (1.9) | Absent | 9.1 | 26.5 | 12.1 | 241 | 32.9 | |
| Present | 8.7 | 24.5 | 10.3 | 112 | 21 | |||
| Lymphatic | Splenomegaly | 253 (44.2) | Absent | 9.9 | 28.8 | 12.1 | 296 | 53.6ǂ |
| Present | 7.9 | 23.1 | 12.4 | 161 | 66.9ǂ | |||
HEENT: head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat;
Values in bold: statistically significant (the actual p-values are provided in the Supplementary Table S8)
(*) Transaminases: are reflecting ALT values except when specified by a “ǂ” it is rather AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.
HEENT: head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat.
Values in bold: statistically significant (the actual p-values are provided in the Supplementary Table S9).