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. 2020 Feb 7;10:2100. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58873-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pathways of L-glycine and L-homocysteine methylation in Dehalococcoides species and hypothesized involvement of THF and corrinoid proteins. (a) Genes annotated to be involved in the incomplete Wood-Ljungdahl pathway encoded in D. mccartyi strain 195 and the respective homologous genes in other Dehalococcoidia. (b) L-serine formation via glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (GlyA, grey) as proposed by Zhuang et al. is shown³². The methyl group is derived most probably from formate with the aid of formyl-tetrahydrofolate synthase (Fhs, yellow) and methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (FolD, blue). (c) Methylation of L-homocysteine is conducted by core-MetE_CBDB encoded by the locus cbdbA481 (purple) in D. mccartyi strain CBDB1. The original source of the methyl group is acetate, which is activated to acetyl-CoA and then cleaved by acetyl-CoA decarbonylase (AcsB, green) into HSCoA, carbon monoxide (CO) and a methyl group. The standard activity of AcsB is to transfer the methyl group to a corrinoid iron-sulfur protein complex (CoFeSP) AcsCD (red). We speculate that the methyl group is directly transferred from the CoFeSP to the core-MetE_CBDB (A481) for L-homocysteine methylation (dashed arrow) but this transfer could also be indirect via a yet unidentified participant.