(A) Schematic diagram of the experimental design, wherein rats were subjected to 60 min (1h) transient MCAO followed 30 min (0.5h) thereafter (during reperfusion) by injection of the miR-7 or control mimic. Brains were collected at 3 days of reperfusion for lesion volume assessment. Motor training was performed on separate cohorts of rats for 3 days prior to 60 min (1h) transient MCAO, followed 30 min (0.5h) thereafter (during reperfusion) by injection of the miR-7 or control mimic, and then motor testing at 1–7 days after. (B) Representative cresyl violet-stained serial sections (B) and lesion volume (C) in brains from the miR-7 mimic- and control mimic-treated groups of both sexes and ages. Lesion volume was measured at day 3 of reperfusion after 60 min transient MCAO. Data are mean ± SD (n = 6–9 rats per group). *p<0.05 compared to the control mimic group, by Mann-Whitney U test. (D) Recovery of functional performance assessed by the rotarod test and beam-walk test by young male and female rats that received an intracerebral injection of either control or miR-7 mimic 30 min after 60 min transient MCAO. The performance was assessed before treatment (time 0) and on days 1 through 7 of reperfusion. Data are mean ± SD (n = 4 rats per group). *p<0.05 compared to the respective control mimic group, by repeated measures ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons post-test.