Figure 1.

Symptomatic response to gluten challenge in coeliac disease (CD) and self-reported gluten sensitivity (SR-GS) participants. Paired changes in average self-reported symptom scores in the 11-item Celiac Disease Patient-Reported Outcome (CeD PRO) from baseline to post-challenge are shown for CD and SR-GS participants in the Melbourne study. Participants who responded with a positive cytokine release to the gluten challenge are highlighted in red. Paired changes were analysed by the Wilcoxon test. Baseline differences in symptoms between CD and SR-GS groups were analysed by the Mann–Whitney test.