Table 2.

Serum cytokine concentrations and fold-changes (median and IQR), and responder rates for cytokines after gluten challenge in the Melbourne study.

	Baseline	3 h after gluten challenge			4 h after gluten challenge
	Conc. pg/mL	Conc. pg/mL	Fold- change	Response -rate	Conc. pg/mL	Fold-change	Response ratea
IL-2
CD	0.09 (0.08–0.20)	1.10 (0.25–3.50)	6.7 (1.1–36.0)	19 (73%)	0.98 (0.25–3.40)	8.1 (1.5–24.0)	19 (73%)
SR-GS	0.07 (0.06–0.11)	0.08 (0.06–0.14)	1.00 (0.9–1.3)	1 (6%)	0.08 (0.06–0.09)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	1 (6%)
IL-8
CD	9.00 (6.72–11.8)	12.6 (8.95–21.4)	1.2 (1.1–2.4)	14 (54%)	14.0 (8.93–31.9)	1.6 (1.1–2.9)	14 (54%)
SR-GS	8.13 (6.57–12.8)	9.04 (6.37–11.7)	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	0 (0%)	9.03 (6.59–11.4)	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	0 (0%)
IL-10
CD	0.25 (0.14–0.38)	0.36 (0.22–0.91)	1.1 (0.9–2.7)	12 (46%)	0.38 (0.19–1.07)	1.2 (1.0–3.3)	12 (46%)
SR-GS	0.22 (0.15–0.31)	0.20 (0.14–0.26)	0.9 (0.9–1.0)	0 (0%)	0.19 (0.14–0.23)	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	0 (0%)

V-PLEX assays.

^aCutoffs for responder analyses were 2.0 for IL-2, 1.5 for IL-8, and 1.5 for IL-10 for peak fold-change at 3 h or 4 h.

CD: coeliac disease; Conc.: concentration; SR-GS: self-reported gluten sensitivity.