Table 5.

Plasma cytokine concentrations and fold-changes (median and IQR), and responder rates for cytokines after gluten challenge in the Oslo study with SR-GS participants.

		Baseline	Peak after food challengea
Cytokine assay	Challenge	pg/mL	pg/mL	Fold-change	Respondersb
IL-2 V-PLEX	Gluten	0.1 (0.1–0.1)	0.1 (0.1–0.2)	1.0 (1.0–1.6)	0 (0%)
	Fructan	0.1 (0.1–0.1)	0.1 (0.1–0.2)	1.0 (1.0–1.3)	0 (0%)
	Placebo	0.1 (0.1–0.1)	0.1 (0.1–0.2)	1.0 (1.0–1.5)	2 (4%)
IL-8 V-PLEX	Gluten	4.7 (3.7–6.1)	5.2 (4.4–6.6)	1.0 (1.0–1.2)	2 (4%)
	Fructan	5.0 (4.2–5.9)	5.3 (4.6–6.5)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	1 (2%)
	Placebo	5.0 (4.0–6.5)	5.5 (4.5–7.2)	1.0 (1.0–1.2)	0
IL-10 V-PLEX	Gluten	0.2 (0.2–0.3)	0.2 (0.2–0.3)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	1 (2%)
	Fructan	0.2 (0.2–0.3)	0.2 (0.2–0.3)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	0 (0%)
	Placebo	0.3 (0.2–0.4)	0.3 (0.2–0.4)	1.0 (1.0–1.2)	1 (2%)
IL-2 Simoa	Gluten	0.1 (0.1–0.2)	0.1 (0.1–0.2)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	0 (0%)

^aAssessments at 2, 4 and 6 h for V-PLEX assays and at 4 h for Simoa assay.

^bCutoffs for responder analyses were 3.6 fold-change for IL-2, 1.7 for IL-8 and 1.6 for IL-10 in V-PLEX assays, and 3.6 for IL-2 Simoa assay (mean + 3 × SD).