Table 2.

Summary of mean effectiveness scores as reported by students. Mean effectiveness scores were analyzed with one-way ANOVA using post-hoc adjustments for pair-wise comparisons relative to PBL (“baseline”) and included Scheffe’s method for multiple comparison adjustment

Innovative learning modality	Modality effectiveness
	Mean effectiveness score (+/− SD)	P-value (vs. PBL)	% of students reporting modality to be at least moderately effective (% highly effective)
Live Patient Encounters (LPE)	4.77 (+/− 0.55) n = 286	< 0.001	96.9% (81.5%)
Augenblick	4.21 (+/− 0.92) n = 286	0.901	84.3% (45.5%)
Problem-Based Learning (PBL)	4.11 (+/− 1.01) n = 285	Referent	80.7% (43.2%)
Gout Racer video game	3.49 (+/− 1.10) n = 275	< 0.001	52.7% (17.1%)
Simulation Knee Injection	3.09 (+/− 1.10) n = 276	< 0.001	36.6% (8.7%)
Rheumatology Remedy e-module	3.49 (+/− 1.14) n = 94	< 0.001	51.0% (22.3%)