Table 1.
Subjects’ characteristics, medication and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) findings
| Variables | Controls (n = 20) |
CAD patients (n = 30) | Significance (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49 ± 13 | 53 ± 12 | 0.27 |
| Males, n (%) | 12 (60) | 16 (53) | 0.631 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26 ± 3 | 28 ± 4 | 0.063 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 61 ± 12 | 60 ± 11 | 0.763 |
| BP systolic, mmHg | 115 ± 9 | 132 ± 11 | 0.304 |
| BP diastolic, mmHg | 72 ± 10 | 76 ± 11 | 0.198 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 24 (80) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus (type 2), n (%) | 17 (57) | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 28 (93) | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | 16 (53) | ||
| Angina CCS > II, n (%) | 18 (60) | ||
| Dyspnoea, n (%) | 12 (40) | ||
| History of PCI n (%) | 16 (53) | ||
| Cardiac medication | |||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 27 (90) | ||
| Anticoagulation, n (%) | 3 (10) | ||
| Betablockers, n (%) | 26 (87) | ||
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 17 (57) | ||
| RAS-Inhibitors, n (%) | 26 (87) | ||
| Lipid-lowering therapy, n (%) | 27 (90) | ||
| Antianginals, n (%) | 16 (53) | ||
| Blood markers | |||
| Haematocrit (%) | 44 ± 4 | 42 ± 6 | 0.197 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 84 ± 5 | 69 ± 8 | < 0.001 |
| Hs-CRP, mg/l | 3.6 ± 2.8 | 4.8 ± 3.3 | 0.006 |
| Cath findings | |||
| Single vessel disease n (%) | 14 (47) | ||
| LAD | 6 | ||
| RCX | 3 | ||
| RCA | 6 | ||
| 3-vessel-disease or equivalent, n (%) | 6 (20) | ||
| CMR measures of function and structure | |||
| LV-EDV (index), ml/m2 | 78 ± 9 | 81 ± 8 | 0.223 |
| LV-ESV (index), ml/m2 | 32 ± 8 | 34 ± 7 | 0.355 |
| LV-EF, % | 61 ± 5 | 59 ± 6 | 0.224 |
| LV-mass (index), g/m2 | 58 ± 8 | 74 ± 7 | < 0.001 |
| RV-EF, % | 54 ± 6 | 56 ± 6 | 0.254 |
| Myocardial LGE, present, n (%) | / | 12 (40) | / |
BP Blood pressure, BMI Body mass index, CAD Coronary artery disease, RAS Renin angiotensin system, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, hs-CRP High sensitive C-reactive protein, LV Left ventricular, EDV End-diastolic volume, ESV End-systolic volume, EF Ejection fraction, LA Left atrium, LGE Late gadolinium enhancement, PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention, RCA Right coronary artery, LAD Left anterior descending coronary artery, LCX Left circumflex coronary artery, RV Right ventricle/ventricular