. 2019 Nov 26;41(6):772–782. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz820

Table 3.

Cox-proportional hazard ratios for noise vs. MACE risk

Covariables	per 5 dBA			>45 dBA (upper tertile) vs. others			>50 dBA (upper quartile) vs. others			>55 dBA (WHO cut-off) vs. others
Covariables	HR (95% CI)	P-value	C-index	HR (95% CI)	P-value	C-index	HR (95% CI)	P-value	C-index	HR (95% CI)	P-value	C-index
Age and sex	1.341 (1.147–1.567)	<0.001	0.804	2.556 (1.336–4.890)	0.005	0.795	2.872 (1.540–5.356)	0.001	0.791	3.477 (1.794–6.741)	<0.001	0.796
Framingham risk score^a (N = 252)	1.269 (1.074–1.498)	0.005	0.794	2.285 (1.131–4.616)	0.021	0.791	2.366 (1.231–4.548)	0.010	0.783	3.151 (1.593–6.231)	0.001	0.790
CVD risk factors^a^,b (N = 494)	1.289 (1.095–1.519)	0.002	0.835	2.149 (1.115–4.143)	0.022	0.823	2.493 (1.295–4.797)	0.006	0.821	3.130 (1.544–6.347)	0.002	0.831
Coronary artery calcium score^a (N = 434)	1.290 (1.077–1.545)	0.006	0.800	2.383 (1.138–4.990)	0.021	0.793	2.412 (1.170–4.974)	0.017	0.786	3.636 (1.678–7.881)	0.001	0.799
Previous cancer and chemotherapy/radiation^a (N = 473)	1.297 (1.106–1.522)	0.001	0.824	2.170 (1.122–4.197)	0.021	0.818	2.549 (1.357–4.788)	0.004	0.813	3.231 (1.634–6.389)	0.001	0.820
Air pollution^a (N = 473)	1.313 (1.101–1.565)	0.002	0.821	2.104 (1.011–4.377)	0.047	0.815	2.476 (1.276–4.802)	0.007	0.811	3.065 (1.532–6.133)	0.002	0.818
Socioeconomic factors^a^,c (N = 370)	1.283 (1.069–1.540)	0.008	0.802	2.154 (0.994–4.670)	0.052	0.796	2.588 (1.235–5.421)	0.012	0.795	3.036 (1.423–6.477)	0.004	0.801
Statin therapy^a (N = 497)	1.330 (1.135–1.557)	<0.001	0.811	2.437 (1.271–4.673)	0.007	0.803	2.724 (1.452–5.111)	0.002	0.798	3.325 (1.708–6.473)	<0.001	0.802
Healthcare access factors^a^,d (N = 498)	1.292 (1.106–1.509)	0.001	0.837	2.464 (1.280–4.743)	0.007	0.824	2.547 (1.346–4.821)	0.004	0.821	2.684 (1.343–5.364)	0.005	0.824
Fully adjusted model^a^,e (N = 470)	1.326 (1.129–1.558)	0.001	0.862	2.278 (1.158–4.482)	0.017	0.778	2.776 (1.451–5.313)	0.002	0.855	2.639 (1.298–5.365)	0.007	0.863

Bold faced values indicate P-value < 0.05.

Adjusted for age and sex.

CVD risk factors = diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and current smoking.

Socioeconomic factors = median income, percent high school graduates, and town total crimes.

Healthcare access factors = Massachusetts state address and health insurance status.

Fully adjusted = CVD risk factors, statin use, neighbourhood pollution and income, previous cancer and chemotherapy/radiation, and healthcare access factors.