Table 1.
Characteristics of participants
| Healthy controls | Benign controls | Choledocholithiasis | Chronic pancreatitis | Pancreatic cancer (n = 61) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early pancreatic cancer | Late pancreatic cancer | |||||
| Number | 34 | 29 | 35 | 25 | 30 | 31 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 23 | 18 | 19 | 21 | 16 | 17 |
| Female | 11 | 11 | 16 | 4 | 14 | 14 |
| Age (years) | 52.3 ± 11.3 | 55.1 ± 10.2 | 51.0 ± 10.2 | 52.1 ± 13.8 | 50.3 ± 10.4 | 52.0 ± 11.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 3.2 | 25.5 ± 4.2 | 24.8 ± 2.8 | 22.2 ± 4.0 | 22.7 ± 3.2 | 22.1 ± 3.4 |
| ALT (U/L) | 21 (14–27) | 18 (13–28) | 42 (28–57) | 32 (20–76) | 73 (50–102) | 65 (42–131) |
| AST (U/L) | 20 (18–22) | 18 (15–26) | 35 (27–52) | 34 (26–53) | 89 (67–106) | 87 (70–100) |
| GGT (U/L) | 23 (16–41) | 34 (18–54) | 60 (37–126) | 45 (28–84) | 134 (89–188) | 145 (91–182) |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 14.4 (10.8–20.8) | 16.0 (12.8–21.8) | 32.0 (28.8–41.6) | 16.0 (13.6–21.6) | 58.8 (55.6–66.8) | 62.0 (58.8–160.4) |
| DBIL (μmol/L) | 6.4 (4.8–8.0) | 6.4 (5.6–8.8) | 18.4 (16.8–21.6) | 6.4 (4.8–8.0) | 46.8 (38.7–59.0) | 48.4 (46.8–146.8) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 44.2 ± 4.3 | 41.7 ± 4.0 | 43.1 ± 5.1 | 32.7 ± 4.5 | 32.2 ± 4.3 | 31.1 ± 3.6 |
| CA19-9 (U/mL) | 15.1 (8.4–25.2) | 11.6 (8.8–34.6) | 48.5 (27.6–61.4) | 35.6 (27.4–44.7) | 376.1 (83.1–552.7) | 399.9 (48.5–687.3) |
| MUC5AC (ng/mL) | 60.8 (37.8–81.3) | 86.4 (48.4–108.2) | 91.8 (68.0–127.4) | 95.1 (59.7–160.3) | 174.6 (87.3–377.0) | 228.7 (105.5–596.3) |
Data are mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables
ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BMI body mass index, DBIL direct bilirubin, GGT γ-glutamyltransferase, TBIL total bilirubin