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. 2018 Nov 21;3(3):134–145. doi: 10.14744/eej.2018.33043

TABLE 1.

Chronological RR classifications reviewed from 1970 to 2016

Author Year Based on Classification divisions
Andreasen J. 1970 Localization, type and trauma I. Internal resorption-Replacement, Inflammatory
II. External resorption-Surface, Replacement, Inflammatory
Gartner et al. 1976 Localization I. Internal resorption-Coronal, Mid-root
II. External resorption-Coronal, Mid-root, Apical
Feiglin B. 1986 Localization I. Internal resorption
II. External resorption-Physiological, Orthodontic treatment, Trauma, Impacted tooth pressure
III. Inflammatory resorption-Cervical, Apical
Tronstad L. 1988 Localization and type I. Transient inflammatory resorption
II. Progressive inflammatory resorption
III. Internal resorption
IV. External resorption-Progressive inflammatory, Cervical, Dentoalveolar Ankylosis and Replacement
Trope M. 1998 Aetiology and trauma origin I. External resorption
Type 1–Attachment Damage Alone (Pressure, Mild and Severe Traumatic Injury)
Type 2–Infection Alone (Apical and Marginal Periodontitis)
Type 3–Attachment Damage Plus Infection (Periradicular Root Resorption of Pulpar Origin and Subattachment Root Resorption of Sulcular Origin)
II. Internal resorption
Ne et al. 1999 Localization and type I. Internal resorption–Metaplastic resorption (root canal replacement resorption); Inflammatory
II. External resorption-Surface, Inflammatory (External and Cervical RR with or without vital pulp as Invasive Cervical RR), Replacement and Ankylosis
III. Combined internal and external resorption
IV. Transient Apical Breakdown (TAB)
Gunraj et al. 1999 Localization and type I. External resorption associated with traumatic injuries-Surface, Inflammatory and Replacement
II. External resorption from pulp necrosis and periradicular pathosis
III. External resorption from pressures in the PDL
IV. Internal resorption
V. Cervical resorption
Trope M. 2002 Dental trauma I. External resorption-a) Stimulus of short duration (transient stimulus); b) Stimulus of long time periods (progressive stimulus): pression and pulp space infection (apical and lateral periodontitis); c) Sulcular infection.
II. Internal resorption
Fuss et al. 2003 Aetiology I. Pulpal infection
II. Periodontal infection
III. Orthodontic pressure
IV. Impacted tooth or tumour pressure V. Ankylotic
Lindskog et al. 2006 Aetiology I. Trauma-Surface, Transient Apical Internal Resorption (TAIR), Orthodontic, Pression, Replacement.
II. Infection-Internal inflammatory apical and radicular, External inflammatory, Inflammatory communicative (internal-external)
III. Hyperplasic invasive-Internal replacement, coronal, cervical and radicular Patel and Pitt-Ford 2007 Localization I. External resorption-Surface, Replacement, Inflammatory, Cervical and TAB
II. Internal resorption-Inflammatory
Santos et al. 2011 Aetiology I. External resorption-Trauma
II. Surface resorption
III. Replacement resorption
IV. Inflammatory resorption
V. Atypical resorption
Kanas and Kanas 2011 Localization, aetiology and Type I. Dental Origin
1. Internal resorption-Infective, inflammatory, trauma: a) Radial pulp enlargement resorption; b) Metaplastic (replacement) pulp resorption
I. Dental Original - External resorption
2. External resorption-a) Physiological apical resorption: External surface resorption, TAR; b) Infective/Inflammatory resorption: Apical (pulp) inflammatory resorption, Cervical (periodontal) inflammatory resorption; c) Trauma (avulsed/luxated/fractured): TAB, Periapical replacement resorption (PARR) with ankylosis, Infective/inflammatory (apical or cervical); d) Pressure: Orthodontic (TAB, PARR without ankylosis), Impacted teeth, Occlusal forces; e) Idiopathic: Localized apical resorption (PARR without ankylosis), Multiple apical resorption (PARR without ankylosis); Multiple cervical resorption; f) Surgical: Bone grafts of alveolar clefts. Ii. Nondental Origin
1. Internal resorption - Herpes zoster infection.
2. External resorption - Neoplasia/cysts of the jaws; Systemic disorders.
Darcey and Qualtrough 2013 Aetiology I. External surface resorption
II. External inflammatory resorption
III. External cervical resorption
IV. External replacement resorption
V. Internal resorption - Surface, inflammatory, replacement
Sak et al. 2016 Aetiology I. Internal resorption - Inflammatory (types A, B, C, D); Replacement.
II. External resorption - Ankylosis and replacement resorption; Apical inflammatory
RR; Resorption associated with systemic diseases; Lateral inflammatory resorption;
Resorption caused by chronic mechanical injuries; Cervical resorption.