Table 1.

Description of risk factors and categorization of responses.

Risk factor	Measures	Criteria	Example descriptive results
Inadequate prenatal care	Utilization of healthcare services during pregnancy and prenatal dietary supplementation	Did not seek any prenatal care from clinic or hospital, inadequate nutrition during pregnancy	Only took additional folate and vitamin supplements for 1 month Did not seek prenatal care from clinic or hospital
Inadequate nutrition	24-hour food recall for child’s diet using USDA automated multiple-pass method [33]	Infant and Young Child Minimum Acceptable Diet indicator for children under the age of 2 (WHO 2009) OR dietary diversity score ≤4 for children between the ages of 2–5 [34]	Did not eat any sources of protein Did not eat any dairy products
Increased infectious disease risk	Utilization of healthcare services, perceived barriers to care, and infectious disease risk factor assessment (clean water practices, soap availability, animal contact, disease vectors)	1. Poor access to care: no utilization of healthcare facility, >2 hours travel distance to clinic or hospital, inability to afford medical visit or medication, or description of lack of trust or poor care and 2. Increased risk of disease: inappropriate soap use, no access to potable water, more than weekly contact with animals, or no toilet in house	Use of a latrine Animals living in household Not changing filter on water source Description of not being able to get medications from public health post
High rate self-report illness	Self-report of frequent illness	Report by mother of child being sick >1 time a month	Fever Vomiting Stomach pain
Inadequate breast-feeding	Onset and duration of breastfeeding and timing of complementary feeding initiation	Inappropriate onset or duration of breastfeeding (<birth-2 years) or inadequate timing of transition to other foods (>6 months) [35]	Exclusive breastfeeding for longer than 6 months