Table 3.
Socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with IPT initiation among eligible PLHIV started on ART from January 2017 to June 2018 at ART centers in two selected districts of Karnataka, India
| Characteristics | Eligible for IPT, N |
Initiated on IPT, n (%)c |
Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 3780 | 1496 (39.6) | ||
| Age in years | ||||
| Less than 15 | 229 | 67 (29.3) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9)e |
| 15–24 | 357 | 144 (40.3) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
| 25–34 | 1019 | 404 (39.7) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
| 35–44 | 1126 | 481 (42.7) | 1 | 1 |
| 45–54 | 690 | 270 (39.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| 55–64 | 271 | 106 (39.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) |
| ≥65 | 88 | 24 (27.3) | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0)e |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1705 | 665 (39.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 2060 | 821 (39.9) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2)e |
| Others | 15 | 10 (66.7) | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) |
| Educationa | ||||
| Illiterate | 1566 | 537 (34.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Primary School | 1183 | 499 (42.2) | 1.2 (1.2–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3)e |
| Secondary School | 688 | 313 (45.5) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3)e |
| College and above | 317 | 135 (42.6) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) |
| Not recorded | 26 | 12 (46.2) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) |
| Occupation | ||||
| Employed | 2666 | 1064 (39.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Student | 227 | 83 (36.6) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Housewife | 711 | 283 (39.8) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
| Unemployed/Retired | 91 | 23 (25.3) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) |
| Not recorded | 85 | 43 (50.6) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
| Marital statusa | ||||
| Married/live-in | 2268 | 931 (41.1) | 1 | 1 |
| Unmarried | 468 | 170 (36.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| Widow | 833 | 326 (39.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) |
| Divorced/separated | 207 | 68 (32.9) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| Not recorded | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 0.6 (0.1–3.3) | 0.5 (1.1–2.2) |
| Socio-economic classb | ||||
| Class I | 63 | 33 (52.4) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) |
| Class II | 250 | 122 (48.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) |
| Class III | 617 | 274 (44.4) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| Class IV | 1204 | 479 (39.8) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| Class V | 1263 | 437 (34.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Not recorded | 383 | 151 (39.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) |
| ART centers | ||||
| ART center 1 | 671 | 212 (31.6) | 1 | 1 |
| ART center 2 | 380 | 189 (49.7) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7)e |
| ART center 3 | 337 | 79 (23.4) | 0.74 (0.6–0.9) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9)e |
| ART center 4 | 631 | 180 (28.5) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) |
| ART center 5 | 359 | 129 (35.9) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| ART center 6 | 768 | 463 (60.3) | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | 1.9 (1.7–2.2)e |
| ART center 7 | 634 | 244 (38.5) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2)$ | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 1572 | 590 (37.5) | 1 | 1 |
| Normal (18.5–22.99) | 1462 | 593 (40.6) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
| Overweight (23.0–24.99) | 341 | 147 (43.1) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) |
| Obese (≥25.0) | 364 | 162 (44.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3)e |
| Not recorded | 41 | 4 (9.8) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 0.2 (0.1–0.6)e |
| CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) | ||||
| Less than 200 | 1142 | 493 (43.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
| 200–349 | 745 | 294 (39.5) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| 350–500 | 719 | 272 (37.8) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
| More than 500 | 1114 | 424 (38.1) | 1 | 1 |
| Not recorded | 60 | 13 (21.7) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8)e |
| WHO Clinical Staginga | ||||
| Stages I and II | 3461 | 1395 (40.3) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) |
| Stages III and IV | 311 | 100 (32.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Not recorded | 8 | 1 (12.5) | 0.4 (0.1–2.5) | 0.5 (0.1–2.4) |
| Functional statusa | ||||
| Working | 3452 | 1399 (40.5) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | - |
| Ambulatory | 187 | 57 (30.5) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | - |
| Bedridden | 137 | 40 (29.2) | 1 | - |
| Not recorded | 4 | 0 (0.0) | - | - |
aAs categorized and recorded in the ART register.
bAs per BG Prasad Classification.
cRow Percentage.
dThe ‘Functional status’ was taken out from the final model as the variance inflation factor was greater than 10.
ep value <0.05.
$WHO Classification for Asian population.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CD4, cluster of differentiation 4; CI, confidence interval; IPT, isoniazid preventive therapy; PLHIV, people living with HIV; RR, relative risk; TLE, tenofovir lamivudine efavirenz; WHO, World Health Organization.