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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 7.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Jan 7;75(1):1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.046

Figure 1. Experimental Protocol.

Figure 1.

(A) Sequence of events. (B) Left thoracotomy showing left stellate ganglion and cardiac branch of left thoracic vagal nerve (arrow). (C) Initiation of bigeminal PVC associated with SNA increase. (D): Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and dP/dT during development of and recovery from PVC-induced cardiomyopathy (PVC-CM). Intermediate stage was obtained after 4-weeks of bigeminal PVC exposure. Abbreviations: SNA, sympathetic nerve activity; VNA, vagal NA; ABP, arterial blood pressure.