Table 2.

Plasma apelin, visfatin and resistin evaluations for groups

Variable	First episode psychosis group (n = 29)	Chronic schizophrenia group (n = 30)	Healthy control group (n = 29)	Significance	Pairwise comparisonsc,d (p value)
Apelin				p = 0.026b,*, χ2 = 7.338	0.034*
Min–Max (median)	26.1–311.3 (147.9)	10.0–236.9 (107.9)	32.0–260.8 (93.3)		0.012*
Mean ± standard deviation	156.88 ± 86.09	108.04 ± 59.47	104.01 ± 56.60		0.644
Visfatin				p = 0.109a, F = 2.272	0.361
Min–Max (median)	3.2–7.6 (5.9)	4.4–11.3 (6.0)	4.8–8.2 (6.4)		0.134
Mean ± standard deviation	5.78 ± 1.10	6.24 ± 1.35	6.38 ± 0.86		1.000
Resistin				p = 0.007b,**, χ2 = 10.000	0.490
Min–Max (median)	10.7–16 (14.9)	9.7–16 (14.1)	9.1–15.9 (13.2)		0.003**
Mean ± standard deviation	14.19 ± 1.44	13.89 ± 1.62	12.79 ± 1.80		0.016*

^aOne-way ANOVA test,

^bKruskal–Wallis test,

^cMann–Whitney U test,

^dAdjustment for Multiple Comparisons: Bonferroni post-hoc test;

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01.