Table 1.

Key terms that have been used throughout the text, together with their short definitions.

Term	Definition
Machine learning	Field of computer science that involves the evolution of pattern recognition systems, allowing computers to learn from errors and predict outcomes.
Deep learning	Branch of machine learning that attempts to model large amounts of data using multiple processing layers.
Features of the image	Image characteristics used in computational analysis, classified into three groups: gray levels, texture, and shape.
Big data	Set of data and information that can be stored and analyzed by modern computational analysis tools-large in volume, speed, and variety.
Computer aided diagnosis/detection	Medical diagnosis/detection using the results of automated quantitative image analyses as a "second opinion".
Content based imaging retrieval	System that enables images or exams to be retrieved from information based on the pictorial content of a reference image or exam.
Artificial intelligence	Human-like intelligence displayed by machines or computer programs.
Precision medicine	Model of medicine that proposes the personalization of health care, with individualized diagnoses and treatments for each patient.
Radiomics	Massive extraction of measurable imaging data and their integration into multidisciplinary predictive models for the management of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients.
Artificial neural network	Machine learning method based on the human central nervous system, with computational models made up of layers, each layer being composed of neurons.
Convolutional neural network	Class of artificial neural network designed to require as little preprocessing as possible..