Table 2.
Comparison of NH3 Emissions From N Fertilizer Application and Livestock Excreta Between This Study and Previous Estimates
| Country | Year | Method | NH3 emissions | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fertilizer | Manure | Total | ||||
| China | 2010 | DLEM‐Bi‐NH3 for N fertilizer; EF for manure | 4.3 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 8.4 ± 1.5 | This study |
| 2000 | 3.3 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 6.5 ± 1.2 | |||
| 1990 | 2.8 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 0.9 | |||
| 2011 | EPIC‐CMAQ | 3.0 | ‐ | ‐ | Fu et al. (2015) | |
| 2010 | Correction EFs | 4.5 | 5.1 | 9.6 | Xu et al. (2015) | |
| 2008 | 3.3 | ‐ | ‐ | Xu et al. (2016) | ||
| 2006 | 3.2 | 5.3 | 8.5 | Huang et al. (2012) | ||
| 2005 | 3.6 | ‐ | ‐ | Zhang et al. (2011) | ||
| 2005–2008 | Region‐specific EFs | 3.0 | 4.8 | 7.8 | Paulot et al. (2014) | |
| 2005 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 6.3 | Wang et al. (2009) | ||
| 2000 | EPA | 6.8 | 5.2 | 12 | Streets et al. (2003) | |
| 1995 | EEA | 3.6 | 2.0 | 5.6 | Yan et al. (2003) | |
| 1994 | 6.3 | 1.8 | 8.1 | Zhao and Wang (1994) | ||
| 1990 | IPCC | 3.7 | 3.2 | 6.9 | Olivier et al. (1998) | |
| India | 2010 | DLEM‐Bi‐NH3 for N fertilizer; EF for manure | 3.3 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | This study |
| 2000 | 2.2 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | |||
| 1990 | 1.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | |||
| 2003 | Region‐specific EFs | 2.1 | 1.7 | 3.8 | Aneja et al. (2012) | |
| 2000 | EPA | 3.3 | 2.8 | 6.1 | Streets et al. (2003) | |
| 1995 | EEA | 1.5 | 1.6 | 3.1 | Yan et al. (2003) | |
| 1990 | IPCC | 2.0 | 3.8 | 5.8 | Olivier et al. (1998) | |