Table 2.
Burden of Disease From Neural Tube Defects, Current, and Estimated Attributable to Loss of Folate From Rice Under Elevated CO2
| WHO microregion name | 2010 population (millions) | Current burden of neural tube defects (annual rate per million people) | Current burden of neural tube defects (total number per year) | Additional burden of NTDs with eCO2 (rate per million people) | Additional burden of NTDs with eCO2 (total number per year) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DALYs lost | Deaths | DALYs lost (000) | Deaths | DALYs lost | Deaths | DALYs lost (000) | Deaths | ||
| Eastern Africa | 322 | 1582 (1244–2064) | 14.6 (10.8–19.9) | 509.3 (400.6–664.4) | 4692 (3464–6403) | 6.8 (3.1–16.4) | 0.07 (0.03–0.15) | 2.2 (1–5.3) | 22 (10–49) |
| Middle Africa | 66 | 5180 (3598–7162) | 55 (37.2–76.7) | 341.3 (237–471.8) | 3624 (2448–5050) | 17.9 (7.7–45.9) | 0.18 (0.08–0.52) | 1.2 (0.5–3) | 12 (5–34) |
| Northern Africa | 204 | 1547 (1078–2278) | 12.1 (6.9–20.3) | 315.3 (219.8–464.2) | 2465 (1398–4136) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.01 (0–0.01) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 1 (0–2) |
| Southern Africa | 59 | 578 (487–683) | 3.4 (2.9–4) | 34.1 (28.7–40.3) | 199 (170–236) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 0 (0–0.01) | 0 (0–0.1) | 0 (0–1) |
| Western Africa | 308 | 6041 (4142–8759) | 64.4 (43.4–98.2) | 1859.2 (1274.7–2695.9) | 19826 (13366–30221) | 50.6 (21.7–128.8) | 0.54 (0.24–1.46) | 15.6 (6.7–39.6) | 166 (73–450) |
| Northern America | 343 | 266 (225–310) | 1.5 (1.3–1.6) | 91.1 (77.2–106.1) | 514 (437–565) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0 (0–0) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 0 (0–1) |
| Central America | 161 | 782 (691–886) | 5.7 (5.1–6.5) | 125.5 (110.9–142.3) | 918 (822–1049) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0 (0–0.01) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 0 (0–1) |
| Caribbean | 36 | 1145 (621–1970) | 12.4 (6–21.2) | 41.8 (22.7–71.9) | 451 (220–776) | 1.5 (0.7–2.8) | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 1 (0–1) |
| South America | 395 | 695 (625–783) | 5.6 (4.9–6.5) | 274.5 (247–309.2) | 2203 (1955–2551) | 2.4 (1.2–3.6) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 8 (4–12) |
| Central Asia | 63 | 974 (768–1226) | 7.3 (5.1–10) | 61.5 (48.5–77.4) | 461 (320–631) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0 (0–0.01) | 0 (0–0.1) | 0 (0–0) |
| Eastern Asia | 1565 | 150 (125–176) | 0.6 (0.6–0.8) | 235.3 (195–276.1) | 988 (872–1183) | 0.3 (0.2–1.7) | 0 (0–0.01) | 0.5 (0.2–2.7) | 2 (1–11) |
| Southern Asia | 1705 | 266 (225–310) | 2.6 (1.8–3.9) | 808.5 (644.4–1008.3) | 4434 (3015–6599) | 1.7 (0.9–2.6) | 0.01 (0–0.01) | 2.9 (1.5–4.5) | 12 (6–20) |
| South‐Eastern Asia | 592 | 818 (671–971) | 7.2 (5.5–9) | 484.7 (397.2–574.8) | 4263 (3265–5317) | 5.2 (2.7–8.2) | 0.04 (0.02–0.08) | 3.1 (1.6–4.9) | 27 (14–45) |
| Western Asia | 227 | 1220 (957–1582) | 8.9 (6–12.8) | 276.5 (217–358.7) | 2028 (1356–2904) | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | 0.01 (0–0.01) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 1 (1–2) |
| Eastern Europe | 295 | 322 (277–363) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 94.8 (81.7–106.9) | 398 (321–502) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Northern Europe | 100 | 228 (208–251) | 1 (0.9–1.1) | 22.8 (20.8–25.1) | 104 (91–114) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Southern Europe | 154 | 180 (161–201) | 0.4 (0.4–0.5) | 27.6 (24.7–30.8) | 67 (56–77) | 0 (0–0.1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Western Europe | 188 | 175 (148–205) | 0.5 (0.4–0.5) | 32.9 (27.9–38.6) | 88 (72–101) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Australia and New Zealand | 26 | 259 (212–306) | 1.3 (1–1.5) | 6.9 (5.6–8.1) | 34 (27–41) | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Melanesia | 2 | 820 (539–1217) | 8.3 (4.9–12.7) | 1.5 (1–2.3) | 16 (9–24) | 3 (1.5–5.2) | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Micronesia | 0.1 | 516 (275–875) | 4.5 (1.5–8.2) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 0 (0–1) | 2.2 (0.7–6.7) | 0.02 (0–0.06) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Polynesia | 0.5 | 152 (93–262) | 1 (0.5–2.3) | 0.1 (0–0.1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.1 (0–0.2) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Global | 6811 | 834 (733–966) | 7.1 (6–8.7) | 5681.9 (4994.8–6579.1) | 48305 (40884–59177) | 4.1 (2–8.3) | 0.04 (0.02–0.09) | 27.9 (13.7–56.8) | 261 (127–591) |
Note. NTD = neural tube defect; DALY = disability‐adjusted life year; WHO = World Health Organization.