Comparison 4. Acupuncture versus water injection.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Use of pharmacological analgesia	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Manual acupuncture	1	128	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.84 [0.54, 1.30]
2 Assisted vaginal birth	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 Manual acupuncture	1	128	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.60 [0.47, 5.39]
3 Caesarean section	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 Manual acupuncture	1	128	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.33 [0.37, 4.73]
4 Augmentation with oxytocin	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 Manual acupuncture	1	128	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.16 [0.85, 1.58]
5 Relaxation	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1 Manual acupuncture	1	128	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	12.60 [4.75, 20.45]