Table 3.
Associations of current adult body fatness (Current adult BMI, change in BMI since age 18, predicted body fat mass, predicted percent body fat mass) with V metric in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the NHSII, stratified by menopausal status at mammogram
| Beta coefficients (95% confidence intervals) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premenopausal women (N=1,700) |
Postmenopausal women (N=1,947) |
|||||||
| N | MV-adjusted a | MV + Childhood body fatness b | MV + Childhood body fatness + PMD c | N | MV-adjusted b | MV + Childhood body fatness a | MV + Childhood body fatness + PMD c | |
|
Current adult BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||||
| <21.0 | 285 | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 243 | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) |
| 21.0–22.9 | 351 | 0.08 (−0.06, 0.22) | 0.08 (−0.05, 0.22) | 0.21 (0.09, 0.34) | 335 | −0.05 (−0.20, 0.09) | −0.03 (−0.18, 0.12) | 0.11 (−0.02, 0.24) |
| 23.0–24.9 | 329 | 0.03 (−0.11, 0.17) | 0.07 (−0.07, 0.21) | 0.30 (0.17, 0.43) | 390 | −0.20 (−0.34, −0.06) | −0.17 (−0.31, −0.02) | 0.08 (−0.05, 0.20) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 429 | −0.29 (−0.43, −0.16) | −0.25 (−0.38, −0.11) | 0.14 (0.01, 0.27) | 601 | −0.48 (−0.61, −0.34) | −0.43 (−0.56, −0.29) | −0.01 (−0.13, 0.11) |
| ≥30.0 | 306 | −0.85 (−1.00, −0.71) | −0.74 (−0.89, −0.59) | −0.12 (−0.27, 0.03) | 378 | −0.83 (−0.97, −0.68) | −0.74 (−0.88, −0.59) | −0.08 (−0.22, 0.05) |
| P-trend | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | ||
| Per 1-kg/m2 increase | −0.07 (−0.08, −0.06) | −0.06 (−0.07, −0.05) | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | −0.07 (−0.08, −0.06) | −0.06 (−0.07, −0.05) | −0.01 (−0.02, −0.003) | ||
|
Change in BMI since age 18, kg/m2 | ||||||||
| ≤0 | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 206 | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | |
| 0.1–2.0 | 193 | −0.10 (−0.26, 0.06) | −0.09 (−0.25, 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.15, 0.14) | 291 | −0.05 (−0.21, 0.11) | −0.05 (−0.21, 0.11) | 0.02 (−0.11, 0.16) |
| 2.1–5.0 | 326 | −0.07 (−0.22, 0.08) | −0.07 (−0.22, 0.09) | 0.14 (−0.002, 0.28) | 618 | −0.10 (−0.24, 0.05) | −0.11 (−0.25, 0.04) | 0.10 (−0.02, 0.23) |
| 5.1–7.0 | 560 | −0.28 (−0.45, −0.11) | −0.27 (−0.44, −0.10) | 0.11 (−0.05, 0.27) | 300 | −0.19 (−0.36, −0.03) | −0.20 (−0.36, −0.04) | 0.10 (−0.04, 0.25) |
| >7.0 | 239 | −0.46 (−0.62, −0.31) | −0.45 (−0.60, −0.29) | −0.03 (−0.18, 0.12) | 532 | −0.52 (−0.67, −0.37) | −0.52 (−0.67, −0.37) | −0.04 (−0.17, 0.09) |
| P-trend | 382 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.47 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.09 | |
| Per 1-kg/m2 increase | −0.05 (−0.06, −0.03) | −0.04 (−0.06, −0.03) | −0.004 (−0.02, 0.01) | −0.05 (−0.06, −0.03) | −0.05 (−0.06, −0.04) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.001) | ||
|
Premenopausal women (N=1078)
f |
Postmenopausal women (N=1464)
f |
|||||||
|
Predicted body fat mass, kg | ||||||||
| <20.0 | 272 | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 250 | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) |
| 20.0–24.9 | 331 | 0.15 (0.0001, 0.29) | 0.17 (0.02, 0.31) | 0.32 (0.19, 0.45) | 427 | −0.11 (−0.25, 0.03) | −0.10 (−0.24, 0.05) | 0.05 (−0.07, 0.18) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 201 | −0.21 (−0.37, −0.04) | −0.15 (−0.31, 0.02) | 0.16 (0.01, 0.32) | 342 | −0.32 (−0.47, −0.17) | −0.29 (−0.44, −0.14) | 0.003 (−0.13, 0.13) |
| 30.0–34.9 | 115 | −0.39 (−0.59, −0.19) | −0.32 (−0.51, −0.12) | 0.08 (−0.11, 0.26) | 197 | −0.57 (−0.74, −0.40) | −0.52 (−0.69, −0.35) | −0.12 (−0.27, 0.03) |
| ≥35.0 | 159 | −0.75 (−0.93, −0.57) | −0.64 (−0.82, −0.45) | −0.05 (−0.23, 0.13) | 248 | −0.83 (−0.99, −0.67) | −0.75 (−0.91, −0.58) | −0.12 (−0.26, 0.03) |
| P-trend | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.06 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | ||
| Per 1-kg increase | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.03) | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.02) | −0.01 (−0.01, 0.0004) | −0.04 (−0.04, −0.03) | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.03) | −0.01 (−0.01, −0.001) | ||
|
Predicted percent body fat mass | ||||||||
| <35.0 | 397 | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 299 | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) |
| 35.0–36.9 | 234 | 0.13 (−0.02, 0.27) | 0.15 (0.01, 0.29) | 0.29 (0.15, 0.42) | 317 | −0.04 (−0.19, 0.10) | −0.02 (−0.17, 0.12) | 0.14 (0.02, 0.26) |
| 37.0–39.9 | 207 | −0.38 (−0.53, −0.23) | −0.34 (−0.49, −0.19) | 0.03 (−0.12, 0.18) | 363 | −0.25 (−0.39, −0.11) | −0.22 (−0.36, −0.08) | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.20) |
| 40.0–42.9 | 117 | −0.45 (−0.64, −0.27) | −0.38 (−0.57, −0.20) | −0.01 (−0.18, 0.17) | 233 | −0.57 (−0.73, −0.41) | −0.52 (−0.68, −0.36) | −0.06 (−0.20, 0.08) |
| ≥43.0 | 123 | −0.92 (−1.10, −0.73) | −0.80 (−0.99, −0.61) | −0.19 (−0.38, 0.001) | 252 | −0.83 (−0.99, −0.67) | −0.75 (−0.91, −0.59) | −0.10 (−0.24, 0.05) |
| P-trend | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | ||
| Per 1% increase | −0.07 (−0.08, −0.06) | −0.06 (−0.07, −0.05) | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.002) | −0.07 (−0.08, −0.06) | −0.06 (−0.07, −0.05) | −0.01 (−0.02, −0.003) | ||
MV-adjusted model includes age (years, continuous), race (white/nonwhite), personal history of benign breast disease (yes/no), family history of breast cancer (yes/no), parity/age at first birth (nulliparous, 1–2 births/<25 years, 1–2 births/25–29 years, 1–2 births/≥30 years, >=3 births/<25 years, >=3 births/≥25 years, parous/missing age at first birth), alcohol use (0, 0.1–4.9, 5–14.9, ≥15 g/d, missing), smoking (never, former, current), breastfeeding (<1, 1–6, 7–12, ≥13 months), and, in postmenopausal women, age at menopause (<=44, 45–49, 50–54, ≥55 years, missing) and postmenopausal hormone use (never, former, current). Models for change in BMI since age 18 additionally include BMI at age 18 (kg/m2).
Additionally includes childhood body fatness (level 1–4.5+, continuous) in the MV-adjusted model.
Additionally includes childhood body fatness (level 1–4.5+, continuous) and percent mammographic density (square root transformed, continuous) in the MV-adjusted model.
Predicted body fat mass and percent fat mass at mammogram were calculated using the formula developed in the NHANES on the basis of age, race, height, weight, and waist circumference. Because 622 premenopausal and 483 postmenopausal women were missing information on waist circumference, 1,078 premenopausal and 1,464 postmenopausal women were included in these analyses.
Note: V measures = V75 erosion, low resolution