Table 2. Clinical characteristics and laboratory analysis at the time of extubation between patients with extubation success and failure.
| Parameters | Extubation success (n = 82) | Extubation failure (n = 43) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Lower extremities edema (%) | 26 (31.7) | 17 (39.5) | 0.381 |
| Body temperature (°C) | 37.1 ± 0.9 | 37.1 ± 1.1 | 0.999 |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 23 ± 6 | 26 ± 7 | 0.012 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 105 ± 24 | 112 ± 28 | 0.121 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116 ± 22 | 121 ± 22 | 0.251 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 67 ± 15 | 70 ± 20 | 0.484 |
| SpO2 (%) | 96 ± 5 | 94 ± 8 | 0.162 |
| Delirium (%) | 14 (17.1) | 4 (9.3) | 0.240 |
| New-onset septic shock (%) | 14 (17.1) | 16 (37.2) | 0.012 |
| New-onset atrial fibrillation (%) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| ARDS development (%) | 25 (30.5) | 14 (32.6) | 0.812 |
| Imaging | |||
| Echocardiography | |||
| Left ventricle (cm2) | 44.63 ± 5.02 | 45.33 ± 7.07 | 0.571 |
| Right ventricle (cm2) | 20.40 ± 2.71 | 20.59 ± 3.78 | 0.779 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 64 ± 7 | 60 ± 15 | 0.070 |
| Pericardial effusion (%) | 18 (24.3) | 7 (20.0) | 0.616 |
| Chest CT | |||
| Pleural effusion (%) | 55 (67.1) | 29 (69.0) | 0.824 |
| Head CT | |||
| Cerebral lacunar infarction | 20 (54.1) | 10 (62.5) | 0.569 |
| Laboratory analysis | |||
| Blood types | |||
| Type A (%) | 16 (32.0) | 5 (17.2) | 0.152 |
| Type B (%) | 10 (20.0) | 8 (27.6) | 0.438 |
| Type AB (%) | 3 (6.0) | 4 (13.8) | 0.413 |
| Type O (%) | 21 (42.0) | 12 (41.4) | 0.957 |
| Arterial blood gas | |||
| pH | 7.383 ± 0.069 | 7.350 ± 0 .105 | 0.039 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 151.14 ± 87.92 | 121.14 ± 64.39 | 0.050 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 43.1 ± 10.4 | 43.7 ± 14.7 | 0.779 |
| HCO3− (mmol/l) | 25.0 ± 5.1 | 23.0 ± 5.1 | 0.055 |
| Blood cell analysis | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/l) | 101 ± 23 | 102 ± 24 | 0.772 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 35 ± 38 | 31 ± 7 | 0.475 |
| Platelet (109/l) | 164 ± 92 | 152 ± 98 | 0.505 |
| WBC (109/L) | 13.00 ± 7.58 | 14.10 ± 9.10 | 0.475 |
| Neutrophils (%) | 89.2 ± 7.4 | 87.7 ± 12.6 | 0.385 |
| Laboratory analysis | |||
| Biochemical analysis | |||
| TB (μmol/l) | 10.8 ± 7.3 | 15.2 ± 17.7 | 0.048 |
| ALT (IU/l) | 56 ± 160 | 84 ± 230 | 0.434 |
| AST (IU/l) | 86 ± 223 | 237 ± 895 | 0.150 |
| ALP (IU/l) | 121 ± 90 | 106 ± 83 | 0.356 |
| GGT (IU/l) | 86 ± 125 | 116 ± 344 | 0.475 |
| Albumin (g/l) | 27.5 ± 4.8 | 27.8 ± 4.4 | 0.769 |
| BUN (mmol/l) | 10.95 ± 6.72 | 12.35 ± 8.24 | 0.307 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 105.9 ± 94.2 | 109.1 ± 90.7 | 0.857 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 8.93 ± 3.96 | 10.47 ± 5.24 | 0.038 |
| LDH (IU/l) | 470 ± 289 | 793 ± 1823 | 0.128 |
| Na+ (mmol/l) | 141.3 ± 6.4 | 139.4 ± 6.8 | 0.129 |
| K+ (mmol/l) | 4.05 ± 0.57 | 4.21 ± 0.67 | 0.173 |
| Cl− (mmol/l) | 105.7 ± 8.1 | 104.3 ± 8.5 | 0.356 |
| Ca2+ (mmol/l) | 1.98 ± 0.16 | 1.97 ± 0.21 | 0.690 |
| Coagulation analysis | |||
| PT (s) | 14.1 ± 2.6 | 15.0 ± 5.2 | 0.177 |
| INR | 1.24 ± 0.22 | 1.32 ± 0.45 | 0.178 |
| APTT (s) | 37.5 ± 11.6 | 48.0 ± 37.0 | 0.021 |
| FiB (g/l) | 4.37 ± 2.00 | 4.53 ± 2.29 | 0.687 |
| D-dimer (mg/l FEU) | 9.77 ± 9.77 | 218.16 ± 1374.57 | 0.182 |
| Laboratory analysis | |||
| Myocardial biomarkers | |||
| Myoglobin (ng/ml) | 286.20 ± 557.74 | 530.58 ± 868.80 | 0.066 |
| Troponin (ng/l) | 79.04 ± 187.12 | 339.31 ± 1500.11 | 0.130 |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 3587 ± 6683 | 6904 ± 10049 | 0.034 |
| Inflammatory biomarkers | |||
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | 7.22 ± 18.45 | 7.52 ± 16.31 | 0.930 |
| CRP (ng/l) | 144.79 ± 108.25 | 174.69 ± 140.22 | 0.288 |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/ml) | 598.28 ± 1230.68 | 872.13 ± 1432.04 | 0.373 |
| Cellular immunity | |||
| CD3 cell (%) | 58.23 ± 16.28 | 56.33 ± 15.23 | 0.589 |
| CD4 cell (%) | 28.62 ± 14.75 | 26.67 ± 10.46 | 0.507 |
| CD8 cell (%) | 26.69 ± 16.41 | 26.55 ± 14.40 | 0.968 |
| Humoral immunity | |||
| Complement 3 (g/l) | 0.8550 ± 0.2253 | 0.7309 ± 0.2959 | 0.035 |
| Complement 4 (g/l) | 0.2200 ± 0.0709 | 0.1957 ± 0.0958 | 0.193 |
Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ca2+, calcium ion; Cl−, chloride ion; CRP, C-reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FiB, fibrinogen; GGT, γ-glutamyltranspetidase; HCO3−, bicarbonate ion; INR, international normalized ratio; K+, potassium ion; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; Na+, sodium ion; PaCO2; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; PaO2/FiO2, ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen; PT, prothrombin time; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SpO2, oxygen saturation of pulse oximetry; TB, total bilirubin; WBC, white blood cell count.